LSPR Technology: The Four Most Frequently Asked Questions

Traditional SPR uses a continuous gold film, while LSPR is created through metal nanoparticles, usually silver and gold. A powerful resonance ... Weusecookiestoenhanceyourexperience.Bycontinuingtobrowsethissiteyouagreetoouruseofcookies. Moreinfo. Accept CookieSettings DownloadPDFCopyViewSupplierProfileRequestFurtherInformation SponsoredContentbyNicoyaLifesciencesOct42016 Introduction Surfaceplasmonresonance(SPR)isapopularlabel-freetechnologythathelpsscientistsstudythebindinginteractionsbetweentwobiomoleculesinaquantitativemanner. Othermethodssimplyprovideendpointmeasurements,forexamplepull-downassays.WhiletheSPRtechnologyhelpstoestablishthekon,koffandKDofinteractions,providingabetterunderstandingofthebindingevents. Normally,SPRincludessensorsfabricatedfromthingoldfilms,whichareimperativefortheSPRmethod.However,SPRtechnologyisnotaccessibletomostresearchersbecauseoftheinstrument’scostandcomplexity. Localizedsurfaceplasmonresonance AnalternativemethodtoSPRislocalizedsurfaceplasmonresonance(LSPR),hasbeenstudiedovertheyearsandismoreaffordableandaccessiblethanthatofSPR.ThisisthereasontheNicoyaLifesciencesOpenSPRsystemisbasedonLSPRtechnology. GiventhatLSPRisarelativelynewtechnique,researchershaveraisedanumberofquestionsaboutthetechnique.Thefollowingsectionssummarizethesequestions,whichcanhelpresearchersingeneraltobecomeLSPRexperts. WhatisLSPRandhowisitdifferentfromtraditionalSPR? TraditionalSPRusesacontinuousgoldfilm,whileLSPRiscreatedthroughmetalnanoparticles,usuallysilverandgold.ApowerfulresonanceabsorbancepeakisproducedinthevisiblerangeoflightbyLSPR. Thepositionofthispeakisquitesensitivetothelocalrefractiveindexaroundtheparticle.TheOpenSPRinstrumentcandetermineevenslightchangesthatoccurintheabsorbanceposition’swavelength,insteadoftheangleseeninthestandardSPRtechnique. IncidentlightisusedbybothLSPRandSPRtechniquestojointlystimulatetheelectronsofaconductionbandinametal.Thiscreatesacoherentlocalizedplasmonoscillation,withtheresultantresonantfrequencymainlyrelyingonthesize,composition,dielectricenvironment,geometry,andseparationdistanceoftheconductiveband(Figure1). Inboththesemethods,responseiscalculatedinreal-time,whichleadstoabindingcurve.Severalbindingcurves,obtainedthroughdifferentanalyteconcentrationsarefittoabindingmodeltofindoutthekineticbindingconstants,forexamplethekon,koffandKD. Figure1.Theresonantfrequencystronglydependsonthecomposition,size,geometry,dielectricenvironment,andseparationdistanceoftheconductiveband. WhatarethebenefitsofLSPR? Thefollowingbenefitsareofusinggoldnanoparticlesratherthanathingoldfilm: AprismisnotrequiredtocombinethelightfortheLSPRtechnique,meaningtheopticalhardwareissimplerandthesystemcanbemademoreaffordableandmorecompact LSPRhasarelativelyshortelectromagneticfielddecaylength,andtherefore,thereislessinterventionfrombuffermismatch;thismakesLSPRlesssensitivetobulkrefractiveindexchanges TheangleisnotessentialforLSPR,whichleadstoaspectralshiftandnotachangeinangle;thismakestheinstrumentmoreresistanttomechanicalnoiseandvibration Sincetheinstrumentislesspronetotemperaturedrift,thereisnoneedforanystringenttemperaturecontrol Theinstrumenthasasimplerdesign,whichmakesitmuchmoreeasytouseandmaintain Sensorchipscanbefabricatedinamorecost-effectiveway,thankstotheuseofgoldnanoparticles HowdoessensitivitycomparetotraditionalSPR? WhencomparedtoLSPRsensors,SPRsensorshavegreaterrefractiveindexsensitivity(RISorm).However,bothtypesofsensorsshowsimilarsensitivitytowardsthebindingevents.Thisisbecausegoldfilmslimittheresponsetoasmallersensingvolume,whilenanoparticlesexhibitarelativelyshorterelectromagneticdecaylength(ld). Withamorecompactsensingvolume,theLSPRtechniqueislesssusceptibletobulkeffectsandmoresusceptibletomolecularbinding,whichmeanslessinterferencefrombulksignals. SensitivityoftraditionalSPRinstrumentsis1RU/pg/mm2,whilethatofLSPRis6RU/pg/mm2.Artifactsinducedbybufferrefractiveindexchanges,temperaturedrift,andothersuchexternalvariablesarealsominimized.Figure2showsthesmallerdecaylengthofSPRagainstLSPR. Figure2.ThesmallerdecaylengthofSPRversusLSPR WhatisthesignaloutputinLSPR? LSPRcandeterminethewavelengthshiftchangeinreal-time,usuallyinpicometers(pm),insteadoftheresponseunits(RU)asoftenobservedinSPRmeasurements.Asanabstractunit,RUdoesnotprovideadistinctphysicalimportance.InthecaseofstandardSPR,RUisrelativetothechangeinthereflectedlightangleinducedbyachangeintherefractiveindex. SinceLSPRhelpstodeterminetheslightchangesintheabsorbancepositionwavelengthinsteadofachangeinanglechange,theoutputunitisinpmornm.Conversely,responseisdeterminedinreal-time,irrespectiveoftheoutput.ThisleadstoabindingcurveinbothSPRandLSPRmethods. AboutNicoyaLifesciences NicoyaLifesciencesisateamofengineersandscientistswithextensiveexperienceworkingattheforefrontofnanotechnology,biochemistry,andopticalsensors. Theycomefromsomeoftheworld'sleadingresearchinstitutionssuchastheImperialCollegeofLondonandtheUniversityofWaterloo.TheyarebasedinWaterloo,Ontario-knownasCanada'sSiliconValley. Theirmissionistobringhighqualitysensorproductswithunique,innovativedesignstomarkettosolvesomeoftheworld'smostimportantproblems.Theywanttodriveinnovationbygivingmorepeopleaccesstopowerfulsensortechnologiesandtools. SponsoredContentPolicy:News-Medical.netpublishesarticlesandrelatedcontentthatmaybederivedfromsourceswherewehaveexistingcommercialrelationships,providedsuchcontentaddsvaluetothecoreeditorialethosofNews-Medical.Netwhichistoeducateandinformsitevisitorsinterestedinmedicalresearch,science,medicaldevicesandtreatments. Lastupdated:Oct4,2016at9:42AM DownloadPDFCopyViewSupplierProfileRequestFurtherInformation CitationsPleaseuseoneofthefollowingformatstocitethisarticleinyouressay,paperorreport:APANicoyaLifesciences.(2016,October04).LSPRTechnology:TheFourMostFrequentlyAskedQuestions.News-Medical.RetrievedonNovember25,2021fromhttps://www.news-medical.net/whitepaper/20161004/LSPR-Technology-The-Four-Most-Frequently-Asked-Questions.aspx.MLANicoyaLifesciences."LSPRTechnology:TheFourMostFrequentlyAskedQuestions".News-Medical.25November2021..ChicagoNicoyaLifesciences."LSPRTechnology:TheFourMostFrequentlyAskedQuestions".News-Medical.https://www.news-medical.net/whitepaper/20161004/LSPR-Technology-The-Four-Most-Frequently-Asked-Questions.aspx.(accessedNovember25,2021).HarvardNicoyaLifesciences.2016.LSPRTechnology:TheFourMostFrequentlyAskedQuestions.News-Medical,viewed25November2021,https://www.news-medical.net/whitepaper/20161004/LSPR-Technology-The-Four-Most-Frequently-Asked-Questions.aspx. 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