National flag - Wikipedia

A national flag is a flag that represents and symbolizes a given nation. It is flown by the government of that nation, but usually can also be flown by its ... Nationalflag FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Flagofacountryornation Thisarticleneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "Nationalflag" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(November2018)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage)Johnson'snewchartofnationalemblems,publishedc.1868.Thelargeflagsshowninthecornersarethe37-starflagoftheUnitedStates(flown1867–1877),theRoyalStandardoftheUnitedKingdom,theRussianImperialStandard,andtheFrenchtricolorewithinsetImperialEagle.Variousotherflagsflownbyshipsareshown.TheFlagofCubaislabelled"Cuban(socalled)".TheChinesedragonontheFlagofChinawasdrawnmistakenlyasawesterndragon. Anationalflagisaflagthatrepresentsandsymbolizesagivennation.Itisflownbythegovernmentofthatnation,butusuallycanalsobeflownbyitscitizens.Anationalflagistypicallydesignedwithspecificmeaningsforitscoloursandsymbols,whichmayalsobeusedseparatelyfromtheflagasasymbolofthenation.Thedesignofanationalflagissometimesalteredaftertheoccurrenceofimportanthistoricalevents.Theburningordestructionofanationalflagisagreatlysymbolicact. ScholarsXiaoCongrongpointedoutthatnomatterhowtheconceptofthenationalflagchanges,itsessencehasnotchanged-the"symbolicflag"foridentifyingidentity.Themeaningsofidentity,politicsandmilitarybehindthesymbolareallwaysofuseexploredbypeopleinpracticeaccordingtopurposeandcommunication.Becausethenationalflagessentiallyshowstheidentificationsymbolofapoliticalpowerintheformofaflag,sometimestherearemorethanone"symbolflag"thatcanrepresentthepoliticalpower,andtheycanevenreplaceeachotherwithoutspecialprovisions,whichleadstosomecountriesorpoliticalpowersusingotherflagsinsteadofthenationalflaginactualuse.[1] Thenationalflag,astheflagsymbolofthestatepower,isrelatedtotheflagsymbolofthepoliticalentityofthepredecessorofthestatepower.Theoriginofflagdesignisusuallycloselyrelatedtowarandmilitaryflags,andevensharedintheearlystage-becauseanewregimeoftenfacesthepressureofwar.Inaddition,militarygroups(suchasrevolutionaryarmy,insurgentarmy,militarygovernment,etc.)oftenplayanimportantroleinaregime.Inadditiontothemilitaryflag,thesymbolicflagsofthesepoliticalentitiescanalsobetracedbacktotheflagsofthechamberofCommerce,thepartyflag,thecolonialflagandotherflagsofthepredecessoroftheregime.Theyhavealotofsuperpositioninpracticaluse,thatis,theflagofthepoliticalentityhasacertainsymbolicmeaningrepresentingthearmyandtheregimebeforeitisupgradedtoaformalflag.[2] Contents 1History 2Processofadoption 3Usage 3.1Onland 3.2Atsea 3.3Protocol 3.4Hangingaflagvertically 4Design 4.1Colours 4.2Similarities 4.2.1Flagfamilies 5Seealso 6References 7Externallinks History[edit] Seealso:Timelineofnationalflags Historically,flagsoriginateasmilitarystandards,usedasfieldsigns.Thepracticeofflyingflagsindicatingthecountryoforiginoutsideofthecontextofwarfarebecamecommonwiththemaritimeflag,introducedduringtheageofsail,intheearly17thcentury.TheoriginsoftheUnionJackflagdatebackto1603,whenJamesVIofScotlandinheritedtheEnglishandIrishthrones(asJamesI),therebyunitingthecrownsofEngland,ScotlandandIrelandinapersonalunion(whichremainedseparatestates).On12April1606,anewflagtorepresentthisregalunionbetweenEnglandandScotlandwasspecifiedinaroyaldecree,accordingtowhichtheflagofEngland(aredcrossonawhitebackground,knownasStGeorge'sCross),andtheflagofScotland(awhitesaltireonabluebackground,knownastheSaltireorStAndrew'sCross),wouldbejoinedtogether,formingtheflagofGreatBritainandfirstUnionFlag.[3] Withtheemergenceofnationalistsentimentfromthelate18thcenturynationalflagsbegantobedisplayedinciviliancontextsaswell.[4]NotableearlyexamplesincludetheUSflag,whichwasfirstadoptedasanavalensignin1777butbegantobedisplayedasagenericsymboloftheUnitedStatesaftertheAmericanRevolution,andtheFrenchTricolor,whichbecameasymboloftheRepublicinthe1790s.[5] MostcountriesofEuropeadoptedanationalflaginthecourseofthe19thandearly20thcenturies,oftenbasedonolder(medieval)warflags.ThespecificationsoftheflagofDenmarkwerecodifiedin1748,basedona14th-centurydesign.[6]TheflagofSwitzerlandwasintroducedin1889,alsobasedonmedievalwarflags.TheNetherlandsintroducedtwonationalflagsin1813(eitheranorange-white-blueorared-white-bluetricolour;thefinaldecisioninfavourofredwasmadein1937).ThetricolourflagbecamereallypopularinEurope,withcountrieslikeIreland,RomaniaandEstoniaadoptingtheflag. TheOttomanflag(nowtheflagofTurkey)wasadoptedin1844.Othernon-Europeanpowersfollowedthetrendinthelate19thcentury,theflagofJapanbeingintroducedin1870,thatofQingChinain1890. Alsointhe19thcentury,mostcountriesofSouthAmericaintroducedaflagastheybecameindependent(Peruin1820,Boliviain1851,Colombiain1860,Brazilin1822,etc.) Processofadoption[edit] Thenationalflagisoftenmentionedordescribedinacountry'sconstitution,butitsdetaileddescriptionmaybedelegatedtoaflaglawpassedbythelegislature,orevensecondarylegislationorinmonarchiesadecree. Thus,thenationalflagismentionedbrieflyintheBasicLawfortheFederalRepublicofGermanyof1949"thefederalflagisblack-red-gold"(art.22.2DieBundesflaggeistschwarz-rot-gold),butitsproportionswereregulatedinadocumentpassedbythegovernmentinthefollowingyear.TheFlagoftheUnitedStatesisnotdefinedintheconstitutionbutratherinaseparateFlagResolutionpassedin1777. Minordesignchangesofnationalflagsareoftenpassedonalegislativeorexecutivelevel,whilesubstantialchangeshaveconstitutionalcharacter.ThedesignoftheflagofSerbiaomittingthecommuniststaroftheflagofYugoslaviawasadecisionmadeinthe1992Serbianconstitutionalreferendum,buttheadoptionofacoatofarmswithintheflagwasbasedonagovernment"recommendation"in2003,adoptedlegislativelyin2009andagainsubjecttoaminordesignchangein2010.TheFlagoftheUnitedStatesunderwentnumerouschangesbecausethenumberofstarsrepresentsthenumberofstates,proactivelydefinedinaFlagActof1818totheeffectthat"ontheadmissionofeverynewstateintotheUnion,onestarbeaddedtotheunionoftheflag";itwaschangedforthelasttimein1960withtheaccessionofHawaii. Achangeinnationalflagisoftenduetoachangeofregime,especiallyfollowingacivilwarorrevolution.Insuchcases,themilitaryoriginsofthenationalflaganditsconnectiontopoliticalideology(formofgovernment,monarchyvs.republicvs.theocracy,etc.)remainsvisible.Insuchcasesnationalflagsacquirethestatusofapoliticalsymbol. TheflagofGermany,forinstance,wasatricolourofblack-white-redundertheGermanEmpire,inheritedfromtheNorthGermanConfederation(1866).TheWeimarRepublicthatfollowedadoptedablack-red-goldtricolour.NaziGermanywentbacktoblack-white-redin1933,andblack-red-goldwasreinstitutedbythetwosuccessorstates,WestGermanyandEastGermany,withEastGermany'sflagbeingdefacedwithCommunistsymbols,followingWorldWarII.SimilarlytheflagofLibyaintroducedwiththecreationoftheKingdomofLibyain1951wasabandonedin1969withthecoupd'étatledbyMuammarGaddafi.ItwasusedagainbyNationalTransitionalCouncilandbyanti-GaddafiforcesduringtheLibyanCivilWarin2011andofficiallyadoptedbytheLibyaninterimConstitutionalDeclaration. Usage[edit] Therearethreedistincttypesofnationalflagforuseonland,andthreeforuseatsea,thoughmanycountriesuseidenticaldesignsforseveral(andsometimesall)ofthesetypesofflag. Onland[edit] Onland,thereisadistinctionbetweencivilflags(FIAVsymbol),stateflags(),andwarormilitaryflags().Civilflagsmaybeflownbyanyoneregardlessofwhethertheyarelinkedtogovernment,whereasstateflagsarethoseusedofficiallybygovernmentagencies.Warflags(alsocalledmilitaryflags)areusedbymilitaryorganizationssuchasArmies,MarineCorps,orAirForces. Inpractice,manycountries(suchastheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom)haveidenticalflagsforthesethreepurposes;nationalflagissometimesusedasavexillologicaltermtorefertosuchathree-purposeflag().Inanumberofcountries,however,andnotablythoseinLatinAmerica,thereisadistinctdifferencebetweencivilandstateflags.Inmostcases,thecivilflagisasimplifiedversionofthestateflag,withthedifferenceoftenbeingthepresenceofacoatofarmsonthestateflagthatisabsentfromthecivilflag. Veryfewcountriesuseawarflagthatdiffersfromthestateflag.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina,theRepublicofChina(Taiwan),andJapanarenotableexamplesofthis.Swallow-tailedflagsareusedaswarflagsandnavalensignsinNordiccountriesandchargedversionsaspresidentialorroyalstandards.ThePhilippinesdoesnothaveadistinctivewarflaginthisusualsense,buttheflagofthePhilippinesislegallyuniqueinthatitisflownwiththeredstripeontopwhenthecountryisinastateofwar,ratherthantheconventionalblue. CivilflagofAustria StateflagofAustria FlagofthePeople'sLiberationArmyofthePeople'sRepublicofChina Atsea[edit] ThenavalensignoftheUnitedKingdom. Theflagthatindicatesnationalityonashipiscalledanensign.Aswiththenationalflags,therearethreevarieties:thecivilensign(),flownbyprivatevessels;stateensigns(alsocalledgovernmentensigns;),flownbygovernmentships;andwarensigns(alsocallednavalensigns;),flownbynavalvessels.Theensignisflownfromanensign-staffatthesternoftheship,orfromagaffwhenunderway.Boththesepositionsaresuperiortoanyotherontheship,eventhoughthemastheadishigher.Intheabsenceofagafftheensignmaybeflownfromtheyardarm.(SeeMaritimeflags.)Nationalflagsmayalsobeflownbyaircraftandthelandvehiclesofimportantofficials.Inthecaseofaircraft,thoseflagsareusuallypaintedon,andthoseareusuallytobepaintedoninthepositionasiftheywereblowinginthewind. Insomecountries,suchastheUnitedStatesandCanada(exceptfortheRoyalCanadianNavy'sEnsign),thenationalensignisidenticaltothenationalflag,whileinothers,suchastheUnitedKingdomandJapan,therearespecificensignsformaritimeuse.Mostcountriesdonothaveaseparatestateensign,althoughtheUnitedKingdomisarareexception,inhavingaredensignforciviluse,awhiteensignasitsnavalensign,andablueensignforgovernmentnon-militaryvessels. Protocol[edit] Mainarticle:Flagprotocol Theworld'sfourthtallestflagpoleflyinga270 kg(595 lb)FlagofNorthKorea.Itis160 m(525 ft)inheight,overKijŏng-dong("Peacevillage")nearPanmunjom,theborderofNorthKoreaandSouthKorea. Thereisagreatdealofprotocolinvolvedintheproperdisplayofnationalflags.Ageneralruleisthatthenationalflagshouldbeflowninthepositionofhonour,andnotinaninferiorpositiontoanyotherflag(althoughsomecountriesmakeanexceptionforroyalstandards).Thefollowingrulesaretypicaloftheconventionswhenflagsareflownonland: Whenanationalflagisdisplayedtogetherwithanyotherflags,itmustbehoistedfirstandloweredlast. Whenanationalflagisdisplayedtogetherwiththenationalflagsofothercountries,alltheflagsshouldbeofapproximatelyequalsizeandmustbeflownatanequalheight,althoughthenationalflagofthehostcountryshouldbeflowninthepositionofhonour(inthecentreofanoddnumberofflagpolesoratthefarright—leftfromanobserver'spointofview—ofanevennumberofflagpoles). TheflagsofSaudiArabia,Iraq,Iran,AfghanistanandLebanonarewrapped(fromlefttoright-fromrighttoleftfromthesideanobserver'spointofview),assomeoftheseflagscarryArabictexts. Whenanationalflagisdisplayedtogetherwithflagsotherthannationalflags,itshouldbeflownonaseparateflagpole,eitherhigherorinthepositionofhonour. Whenanationalflagisdisplayedtogetherwithanyotherflagsonthesameflagpole,itmustbeatthetop,thoughseparateflagpolesarepreferable. Whenanationalflagisdisplayedtogetherwithanyotherflagoncrossedflagpoles,thenationalflagmustbeontheobserver'sleftanditsflagpolemustbeinfrontoftheflagpoleoftheotherflag. Whenanationalflagisdisplayedtogetherwithanotherflagorflagsinprocession,thenationalflagmustbeonthemarchingright.Ifthereisarowofflags,itshouldbeinthepositionofhonour. Whenanationalflag,withsomeexceptions,isflownupsidedownitindicatesdistress.Thishoweverismerelytradition.ItisnotarecogniseddistresssignalaccordingtotheInternationalregulationsforpreventingcollisionsatsea.Further,anation'sflagiscommonlyflowninvertedasasignofprotestorcontemptagainstthecountryconcerned.Asofnow,onlytheflagofthePhilippinesrecognisesthedistresssymbolismofthereverseflag. Hangingaflagvertically[edit] Mostflagsarehungverticallybyrotatingtheflagpole.However,somecountrieshavespecificprotocolsforthispurposeorevenhavespecialflagsforverticalhanging;usuallyrotatingsomeelementsoftheflag—suchasthecoatofarms—sothattheyareseeninanuprightposition.[7] Examplesofcountriesthathavespecialprotocolforverticalhangingare:Canada,CzechRepublic,Greece,Israel,thePhilippines,SouthAfrica,andtheUnitedStates(reversealwaysshowing);andtheUnitedKingdom(obversealwaysshowing). Examplesofcountriesthathavespecialdesignsforverticalhangingare:Austria,Germany,Hungary,Mexico,Montenegro,Poland,andSlovakia(coatofarmsmustberotatedtonormalposition);Cambodia(coatofarmsmustberotatedandbluestripsarenarrowed);Dominica(coatofarmsmustberotatedandreversealwaysshowing);Liechtenstein(crownmustberotated);SaudiArabia(shahadamustberotated). VerticalvariationoftheflagofSlovakia. VerticalvariationoftheflagofCambodia. VerticalvariationoftheflagofDominica. VerticalvariationoftheflagofLiechtenstein. VerticalvariationoftheflagofNepal. VerticalvariationoftheFlagofSaudiArabia. Design[edit] TheflagofNepalistheonlynationalflagwhichisnotrectangularorsquare. Theartandpracticeofdesigningflagsisknownasvexillography.Thedesignofnationalflagshasseenanumberofcustomsbecomeapparent. Allnationalflagsarerectangular,exceptfortheflagofNepal.Theratiosofheighttowidthvaryamongnationalflags,butnoneistallerthanitiswide,againexceptfortheflagofNepal.TheflagsofSwitzerlandandtheVaticanCityaretheonlynationalflagswhichareexactsquares. Theobverseandreverseofallnationalflagsareeitheridenticalormirrored,exceptfortheflagofParaguayandthepartiallyrecognizedSahrawiArabDemocraticRepublic.SeeFlagswhosereversediffersfromtheobverseforalistofexceptionsincludingnon-nationalflags. Asof2011allnationalflagsconsistofatleasttwodifferentcolours.Inmanycases,thedifferentcoloursarepresentedineitherhorizontalorverticalbands.Itisparticularlycommonforcolourstobepresentedinbandsofthree. Itiscommonformanyflagstofeaturenationalsymbols,suchascoatsofarms.Nationalpatternsarepresentinsomeflags.Variationsindesignwithinanationalflagcanbecommonintheflag'supperleftquarter,orcanton. Colours[edit] Foramorecomprehensivelist,seeListofflagsbycolorandListofflagsbycolorcombination. Distributionofcoloursinnationalflags Themostpopularcoloursinnationalflagsarered,white,green,darkblue,yellow,lightblue,andblack.[8]Theonlynationalflagnottoincludethecolorsred,white,orblueisJamaica.[9]Theoccurrenceofeachcolourinalltheflagsislistedindetailinthetablebelow.[8]Thetableshowsthatthecolourslightbrown,darkbrownandgreyonlyoccurinverysmallquantities.Infact,theyonlyoccurinthesymbolsonflags,suchasintheSpanishflag. Colour Area(%) Countofflags red 30.32 155 white 18.26 144 green 14.94 97 darkblue 11.01 68 yellow 9.56 102 lightblue 9.20 44 black 5.12 69 orange 0.92 12 purple 0.53 6 lightbrown 0.07 12 darkbrown 0.04 10 grey 0.03 7 Similarities[edit] Blue,yellowandredstripedflagsFlagsfromtoplefttobottomright:Chad,Romania,AndorraandMoldova Althoughthenationalflagismeanttobeauniquesymbolforacountry,manypairsofcountrieshavehighlysimilarflags.ExamplesincludetheflagsofMonacoandIndonesia,whichdifferonlyslightlyinproportionandthetintofred;theflagsoftheNetherlandsandLuxembourg,whichdifferinproportionaswellasinthetintofblueused;andtheflagsofRomaniaandChad,whichdifferonlyinthetintofblue. TheflagsofIrelandandIvoryCoastandtheflagsofMaliandGuineaare(asidefromshadeorratiodifferences)verticallymirroredversionsfromeachother.Thismeansthatthereverseofoneflagmatchestheobverseoftheother.Unlikehorizontallymirroredflags(likePolandandIndonesia)thedirectioninwhichtheseflagsflyiscrucialtoidentifythem. Imageshowingmanysimilarflags Therearethreecolourcombinationsthatareusedonseveralflagsincertainregions.Blue,white,andredisacommoncombinationinSlaviccountriessuchastheCzechRepublic,Slovakia,Russia,Serbia,Slovenia,andCroatiaaswellasamongWesternnationsincludingAustralia,France,Iceland,Norway,NewZealand,theUnitedKingdom,theNetherlandsandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.ManyAfricannationsusethePan-Africancoloursofred,yellow,andgreen,includingEthiopia,Ghana,Cameroon,MaliandSenegal.Flagscontainingred,white,andblack(asubsetofthePan-Arabcolours)canbefoundparticularlyamongtheArabnationssuchasEgypt,Iraq,SyriaandYemen. Inmoderntimes,influencedbyEuropeancultureanddiscoursepower,therehasbeenarelativelyunifieddesignstandardintheinternationalflagdesign.Inadditiontothenationaltraditionalculture,therearemanyexternalfactorsthatwillaffectthenationalflagdesign-suchasChinesecultureandChinesenationalflag,whichobviouslyaffectthenationalflagsofKorea,Vietnam,Singapore,Bhutanandothercountries.[10] Thereasonsaffectingthedesignofthenationalflagaresimilartothenationalemblem.ScholarXiaoCongrongclassifiedthemainreasons-(1)affectedbythecultureofthesuzeraincountry/homecountry;(2)Influencedbythesameideology/influentialforeignculture;(3)Influencedbythepastregimeofthecountry;(4)ItisinfluencedbytheinterpretationofcolorbytheunderstandingofinternationalorEuropeanandthesameculturalcircle.Internationally,countrieswhoseflagdesignhasbeeninfluencedbytheideasofpowerfulcountriessuchasOttoman,Britain,theSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatesortheoriginalsuzeraincountriesspancontinentsandethnicgroups,andtheflagdesignofsomeadjacentcountrieswillalsoaffecteachother.Forexample,sincePeterthegreatlearnedthedesignoftheDutchtricolorflaginRussia,thesurroundingSlaviccountriesandregionssuchasformerYugoslavia(Serbia,Montenegro,Croatia)andBulgariahavebeeninfluencedbythedesignconceptoftheRussianflag.Therefore,thecoloroftheRussianflagdesignhasalsobecomethesourceofthemeaningof"PanSlaviccolor".[11] Manyothersimilaritiesmaybefoundamongcurrentnationalflags,particularlyifinversionsofcolourschemesareconsidered,e.g.,comparetheflagofSenegaltothatofCameroonandIndonesiatoPolandandMonaco.AlsotheflagofItalyandtheflagofHungaryusethesamecolours,althoughtheorderanddirectiondiffer(theItalianflagisverticalgreen-white-redandtheHungarianflagishorizontalred-white-green). Flagfamilies[edit] Whilesomesimilaritiesarecoincidental,othersarerootedinsharedhistories,knownasaflagfamily.Forexample,theflagsofColombia,ofEcuador,andofVenezuelaallusevariantsoftheflagofGranColombia,thecountrytheycomposedupontheirindependencefromSpain,createdbytheVenezuelanindependenceheroFranciscodeMiranda;andtheflagsofKuwait,ofJordan,andofPalestineareallhighlysimilarvariantsoftheflagoftheArabrevoltof1916–1918.TheflagsofRomaniaandMoldovaarevirtuallythesame,becauseofthecommonhistoryandheritage.MoldovaadoptedtheRomanianflagduringthedeclarationofindependencefromtheUSSRin1991(andwasusedinvariousdemonstrationsandrevoltsbythepopulation)andlatertheMoldovancoatofarms(whichispartoftheRomaniancoatofarms)wasplacedinthecentreoftheflag.AllNordiccountries,withtheexceptionofGreenland,usetheNordicCrossdesign(Iceland,Denmark,Norway,Sweden,Finland,inadditiontotheautonomousregionsoftheFaroeIslandsandÅland),ahorizontalcrossshiftedtotheleftonasingle-colouredbackground.TheUnitedStatesandUnitedKingdombothhavered,white,andblue.Thissimilarityisduetothefactthatthefirst13statesoftheU.S.wereformerlycoloniesoftheUnitedKingdom.Also,AustraliaandNewZealandhaveverysimilarflags,whichstemsfromtheirjointBritishheritage.BothoftheseflagsfeaturetheUnionJackinonecorner,bothhaveroyalbluebackground,andbothhavetheSouthernCrossasaprominentfeature.TheonlydifferencesbetweentheseflagsisthattheAustralianflaghastheCommonwealthStarbelowthecanton,andthatontheNewZealandflag,justfourstarsintheSouthernCrossarepresented,andtheyarefive-pointedredstarswithwhiteborders.Ontheotherhand,allfivestarsoftheSouthernCrossarepresentedontheAustralianflag,andtheyarewhitewithsevenpoints,exceptfortheadditionalsmallerfifthstarintheSouthernCrosswhichhasonlyfivepointsonthisflag.SomesimilaritiestotheUnitedStatesflagwiththeredandwhitestripesarenotedaswellsuchastheflagofMalaysiaandtheflagofLiberia,thelatterofwhichwasanAmericanresettlementcolony. Slaviccountriesflagfamily. FormerFederalRepublicofCentralAmericacountriesflagsfamily. Seealso[edit] Listsofflags Listsofflags Galleryofsovereignstateflags Galleryofflagsofdependentterritories Timelineofnationalflags Listofflagsbycolourcombination Other FlagDay Flagdesecration FlagsoftheWorld Flagprotocol Glossaryofvexillology Nationalcoatofarms Nationalemblem Stateflag References[edit] ^肖聪榕.国旗设计的发展概论[J].神州,2021(23):143-144.DOI:10.12217/j.issn.1009-5071.2021.23.069. ^肖聪榕.国旗设计的发展概论[J].神州,2021(23):143-144.DOI:10.12217/j.issn.1009-5071.2021.23.069. ^"flagoftheUnitedKingdom".EncyclopediaBritannica.Retrieved2021-11-08. ^"Flags"inGerman,FrenchandItalianintheonlineHistoricalDictionaryofSwitzerland. ^http://users.skynet.be/lotus/flag/fra0-en.htm ^Dannebrog(inDanish).DenStoreDanske.2014.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2014-07-14.Retrieved2014-06-13. ^Nelson,Phil(2005-12-31),HangingFlagsVertically,FlagsoftheWorld,archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-12-17,retrieved2011-02-20. ^abBartneck,Christoph;AdrianClark(2014)."Semi-AutomaticColorAnalysisForBrandLogos".ColorResearchandApplication.40:72–84.doi:10.1002/col.21853. ^"WhatDotheColorsandSymbolsoftheFlagofJamaicaMean?".WorldAtlas.Retrieved17July2020. ^肖聪榕.国旗设计的发展概论[J].神州,2021(23):143-144.DOI:10.12217/j.issn.1009-5071.2021.23.069. ^肖聪榕.国旗设计的发展概论[J].神州,2021(23):143-144.DOI:10.12217/j.issn.1009-5071.2021.23.069. Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoNationalflagsofcountries. FlagsoftheWorld,amassiveonlinevexillologicaldatabaseonnationalandmanyotherkindsofflags TheWorldAllCountriesFlags,awebsiteaboutnationalsymbols WorldFlagDatabasereversesearchforIDbycolourandlayout [1]forflagconstructiondiagrams,flagsofsubnationalentities,historicalflagsandcountrysubdivisions Extensivelistofsimilarflagsfromaroundtheworld vteNationalflagsandcoatsofarmsNationalflags Sovereignstates Dependentterritories Timeline Nationalcoatsofarms Sovereignstates Dependentterritories  Heraldryportal AuthoritycontrolGeneral IntegratedAuthorityFile(Germany) Nationallibraries Japan Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_flag&oldid=1057551350" Categories:NationalflagsTypesofflagsHiddencategories:HDSnotonWikidataCS1Danish-languagesources(da)ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionmatchesWikidataUseOxfordspellingfromDecember2018ArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromNovember2018AllarticlesneedingadditionalreferencesPagesusingmultipleimagewithautoscaledimagesCommonscategorylinkisonWikidataArticleswithGNDidentifiersArticleswithNDLidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk Variants expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages AfrikaansالعربيةবাংলাБългарскиCatalàDanskDeutschEestiΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoفارسیFrançaisGàidhlig한국어ՀայերենHrvatskiIdoBahasaIndonesiaÍslenskaItalianoעבריתಕನ್ನಡქართულიIkinyarwandaLombardമലയാളംमराठीBahasaMelayuМонголမြန်မာဘာသာNederlands日本語NorskbokmålNorsknynorskPolskiPortuguêsRomânăРусскийसंस्कृतम्سنڌيСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSuomiSvenskaதமிழ்ไทยУкраїнськаاردوTiếngViệt文言粵語中文 Editlinks