Living Dead - Wikipedia

Living Dead is a blanket term for the loosely connected horror franchise that originated from the 1968 film Night of the Living Dead. The film, written by ... LivingDead FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Horror franchise LivingDeadCreatedbyGeorgeA.RomeroJohnA.Russo OriginalworkNightoftheLivingDead(1968)PrintpublicationsNovel(s)ListofnovelsComicsListofcomicsFilmsandtelevisionFilm(s)ListoffilmsGamesVideogame(s)Listofvideogames LivingDeadisablankettermforthelooselyconnectedhorrorfranchisethatoriginatedfromthe1968filmNightoftheLivingDead.Thefilm,writtenbyGeorgeA.RomeroandJohnA.Russo,primarilyfocusesonagroupofpeoplegatheringatafarmhousetosurvivefromanonslaughtofzombiesinruralPennsylvania.Itisknowntohaveinspiredthemoderninterpretationofzombiesasreanimatedhumancorpsesthatfeastonthefleshand/orbrainsoftheliving. Duetoacopyrighterrorduringitsrelease,NightoftheLivingDead'sstatusinthepublicdomainhasresultedinnumerousworksclaimingtoexpanduponorspinofffromtheplotpointsandcharactersofthefilm,sometimeswithouttheinvolvementoftheoriginalcastandcrewmembers.Theyconsistofvariousfilms,literature,andotherformsofmediathatexploretheoutbreakandevolutionofazombieapocalypseandsociety'sreactiontoit.ThetwomostnotableareRomero'sDeadseries,consistingoffiveadditionalfilms,andtheReturnoftheLivingDeadseries,whichwaslooselybasedonRusso'snovelofthesamename. Contents 1GeorgeA.Romero'sDeadseries 2Deadseriesremakes 2.1NightoftheLivingDead(1990) 2.2DawnoftheDead(2004) 3DanO'BannonandJohnRusso'sLivingDeadspin-offs 4Romero'svs.O'Bannon'szombies 4.1Infection 4.2Memory 4.3Intelligence 4.4Locomotion 4.5Speech 4.6Termination 5Unauthorizedsequelsandremakes 5.1Zombi2(1979) 5.2DayoftheDead2:Contagium(2005) 5.3NightoftheLivingDead3D(2006) 5.4DayoftheDead(2008) 5.5Mimesis:NightoftheLivingDead(2011) 5.6NightoftheLivingDead:Resurrection(2012) 5.7NightoftheLivingDead3D:Re-Animation(2012) 5.8ANightoftheLivingDead(2014) 5.9NightoftheLivingDead:DarkestDawn(2015) 5.10DayoftheDead:Bloodline(2018) 5.11Rebirth(formerlyNightoftheLivingDead:Rebirth)(2020) 5.12NightoftheLivingDead:Genesis(TBD) 6Parodies 6.1NightoftheLivingBread(1990) 6.2NightoftheDayoftheDawn[...](1991) 6.3Poultrygeist:NightoftheChickenDead(2006) 6.4NightoftheLovingDead(2013) 7Homages 7.1ShaunoftheDead(2004) 7.2Fido(2006) 7.3DanceoftheDead(2008) 7.4ZoneoftheDead(2009) 7.5FlightoftheLivingDead(2007) 8Documentaries 8.1DocumentoftheDead(1985) 8.2FanoftheDead(2003) 8.3OnefortheFire:TheLegacyof'NightoftheLivingDead'(2008) 8.4AutopsyoftheDead(2009) 8.5Cinemall(2011) 8.6BirthoftheLivingDead(2012) 9LivingDeadinothermedia 9.1Books 9.2Comics 9.2.1EmpireoftheDead 9.3Videogames 10Bibliographyandreferences 10.1Bibliography 10.2References 11Externallinks GeorgeA.Romero'sDeadseries[edit] Mainarticle:NightoftheLivingDead(filmseries) Asofitslatestinstallment,SurvivaloftheDead,Romero'sDeadseriesincludessixfilmsallwrittenanddirectedbyRomerohimself.LabeledTrilogyoftheDeaduntilLandoftheDead,[1]eachfilmisladenwithsocialcommentaryontopicsrangingfromracismtoconsumerism.Thefilmsarenotproducedasdirectfollow-upsfromoneanother,andtheonlycontinuationistheepidemicofthelivingdead.Thissituationadvanceswitheachfilm,butwithdifferentcharacters,andthetimemovesaheadtothetimewhentheywerefilmed,makingtheworld'sprogressiontheonlyinterlockingaspectoftheseries.Thefifthfilmdoesnotcontinuethedepictionoftheprogressoftheworld;insteaditgoesbacktothebeginningofeventsfromthefirstfilm,butisnonethelesscontemporaryasthesequelsare.Thefilmsdealwithhowdifferentpeoplereacttothesamephenomenonrangingfromcitizenstopolicetoarmyofficialsandbackagain.Therearenorealhappyendingstothefilms,aseachtakesplaceinaworldthathasgottenworsesincethelasttimewesawit,thenumberofzombieseverincreasingandthefateofthelivingremnantalwaysinthebalance. Romerotriedtomakeeachmovieuniquefromtheprevious,butthisledtosomeofhismoreseriousworks,likeDayoftheDead,receivingaworsereceptioncomparedtohisspoof-likefilmDawnoftheDead.HeexplainedthisinaninterviewwithTelegraphfilmreviewerTimRobeysaying,"Youknow,I’vemadesixzombiefilms,I’vetriedconsciouslytomakeeachonedifferentfromthenext.Butthat’snotwhatpeoplewantthesedays.Theywantthesamething!Idon’tknowifthat’spartofthistelevisionmentality,wherepeopletuneineveryweektoseethesamething.".[2]RomerodoesnotconsideranyofhisDeadfilmssequelssincenoneofthemajorcharactersorstorycontinuefromonefilmtothenext.[citationneeded]TheoneexceptionisthatthemilitaryofficerfromDiaryoftheDead(AlanvanSprang),whorobsthemaincharacters,isamaincharacterinSurvivaloftheDeadaswell. GeorgeA.Romero'sDeadseriesincludes:[3] NightoftheLivingDead(1968) DawnoftheDead(1978) DayoftheDead(1985) LandoftheDead(2005) DiaryoftheDead(2007) SurvivaloftheDead(2009) TwilightoftheDead(Officiallyintheworks)[4] Deadseriesremakes[edit] Remakeshavebeenmadefortwooftheoriginalfilmswiththeinvolvementofsomeoftheoriginalcastandcrewmembers: NightoftheLivingDead(1990)[edit] Mainarticle:NightoftheLivingDead(1990film) DirectedbyTomSavini,formerspecialmake-upeffectsartist,whoworkedonDawnoftheDeadandDayoftheDeadwhileGeorgeA.Romerorewrotethescreenplay.Theplotofthefilmfollowscloselythe1968original,whereBarbara,Ben,theCooperfamilyandTomLandryandhisgirlfriendJudyRoseLarsonaretrappedinaruralfarmhouseinPennsylvaniatryingtosurvivethenightwhilethehouseisbeingattackedbymysteriouslyreanimatedghouls,otherwiseknownaszombies. DawnoftheDead(2004)[edit] Mainarticle:DawnoftheDead(2004film) DirectedbyZackSnyder.Agroupofstrangers:Ana,PoliceSergeantKennethHall,Michael,Andreandhispregnantwife,Luda,breakintoanearbymallwheretheyareconfrontedbythreelivingguards–C.J.,BartandTerry–whomakethemsurrendertheirweaponsinexchangeforrefuge.Thegroupsecuresthemall,thenheadstotheroofwheretheyseeanothersurvivor,Andy,whoisstrandedaloneinhisgunstore,acrossthezombie-infestedparkinglot.Thenextdaymoresurvivorsarriveatthemallandareletin.Aftersomeofthesurvivorsstartdyingfromzombieattacksandanyhopeofbeingrescuedgone,thegroupdecidestofighttheirwaytotheMilwaukeemarinaandtravelonSteve'syachttoanislandonLakeMichigan. DanO'BannonandJohnRusso'sLivingDeadspin-offs[edit] Mainarticle:ReturnoftheLivingDead(filmseries) TherearecurrentlytwodistinctfranchisesutilizingtheLivingDeadmoniker.ThefirstwasReturnoftheLivingDead,whichoriginatedasanovelwrittenin1978byJohnA.Russo.ItwaslateradaptedtoafilmbyDanO'Bannon,whichspawneditsownseriesofmovies,withatotaloffoursequels.ThiscouldbeseenmoreasaspinoffofNightoftheLivingDeadratherthansequels,asthefirstmovietreatsNightoftheLivingDeadasamoviethatwasbasedonrealevents. RussoandproducerTomFoxplannedtobringReturnoftheLivingDeadtothescreenofferingO'Bannonthedirector'sseat,heacceptedontheconditionhecouldrewritethefilmradicallysoastodifferentiateitfromRomero'sfilms.[citationneeded]O'BannondiscardedRusso'sscriptinitsentiretyandrewroteit,retainingonlythetitleandchangingthe"rules"significantly.Hisalterationstothecanonincludethezombies'fixationonbrainsalone(whereasRomero/Russozombieswilldevouranypartofalivinghuman),theabilitytomoverapidlyandcommunicate(despitephysicaldefectsthatwouldrendersuchactivityimpossible),andtheabilityof2–4–5Trioxintoresurrectanydeceasedlifeform,regardlessofhowlongthedecedenthasbeeninterred.AlthoughRussoandO'Bannonwereonlydirectlyinvolvedwiththefirstfilmintheseries,therestofthefilms,tovaryingdegrees,sticktotheiroutlineand"rules"establishedinthefirstfilm. DanO'Bannon'sReturnoftheLivingDeadseriesincludes: TheReturnoftheLivingDead(O'Bannon,1985) ReturnoftheLivingDeadPartII(KenWiederhorn,1988) ReturnoftheLivingDead3(BrianYuzna,1993) ReturnoftheLivingDead:Necropolis(ElloryElkayem,2005) ReturnoftheLivingDead:RavetotheGrave(ElloryElkayem,2005) Then,in1998,RussowentbacktotheoriginalNightoftheLivingDeadtoreshootextrasequencesintothefilm.Thisversion,whichwasofficiallynamedNightoftheLivingDead:30thAnniversaryEdition,addedasubplot,alternateopening,andnewscore.RussofollowedthiswithanotherLivingDeadfilm,ChildrenoftheLivingDead. NightoftheLivingDead:30thAnniversaryEdition(Russo,1998) ChildrenoftheLivingDead(KarenL.Wolf,2001) Romero'svs.O'Bannon'szombies[edit] Thissectionpossiblycontainsoriginalresearch.Pleaseimproveitbyverifyingtheclaimsmadeandaddinginlinecitations.Statementsconsistingonlyoforiginalresearchshouldberemoved.(September2012)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Whilethetwokindsaresimilarinappearance,therearecertaindistinguishingdetails: Infection[edit] Romero'soriginalNightoftheLivingDeadexplainsthatanunknownphenomenoncausesre-animationofthebrain.Insteadofbeingspreadfrompersontoperson,thephenomenonpresentsitselfinanyhumanthathasrecentlydiedfromanycause(exceptthosethatdestroythephysicalstructureofthebrain).Thefirstanimatedcorpsesappearinmanylocationssimultaneously,quicklyreachingpandemiclevels.Charactersspeculateaboutthecauseofthephenomenon;suggestionsatvarioustimesincludeaspacebornevirus,divinepunishment,radiationfromasatellitereturningfromVenus,orthat"there'snomoreroominHell".Whilebitesfromthesereanimatedcreaturesareuniformlylethal,bymechanicsunknown,deathbyothermeanswouldhavethesameresult,soabiteisnotnecessary.ItissuggestedinDayoftheDeadthattheimmediateamputationofbittenlimbsmaypreventvictimsfromdying,butwhilethetreatmentisattempted,itssuccessisneverconclusivelydemonstrated.InGeorgeRomero'soriginalDayoftheDeadidea,apersonwastohavehisbittenarmamputated,butstillreturnasazombie.SurvivaloftheDeadshowsthat,intherareinstanceofalivingpersonbitingtheundead,thatpersonwillbecomeinfected.Manycharactersinfilms(includingGeorgeRomerohimself)havereferredtothebittenareaasthe"infectedarea"oran"infection". ThestateofzombificationseeninO'Bannon'sReturnoftheLivingDeadseriesisinducedbythechemicalcompoundTrioxin,anextremelytoxicsubstancefoundinagaseousstateatstandardtemperatureandpressure.Dependingonthefilmintheseries,TrioxinzombiesmayormaynotbeabletocontaminatelivinghumanswithTrioxinviabite.VerysmallamountsofTrioxinaresufficienttohavefulleffect,andbodiesneednotbefreshtobere-animated.Bothfactorswereillustratedinthefirsttwofilms,whereinTrioxinseepedthroughseveralfeetofearthtoreachgravesseveraldecadesoldandanimatetheoccupants(TheReturnoftheLivingDeadevendepictedanear-skeletoncomingoutofitsgrave).Ifazombiecorpseisstoredfortoolonginasealedcontainer,thedecompositionprocesswillgeneratenoxiousgasescontainingtraceamountsofTrioxin,sothedrumcanonlybesafelyopenedinasealedlabenvironment.TherequirementofTrioxinexposuremakescontainmenttoaspecificareaorgroupofpeoplesomewhateasierthanRomero'splague(thoughtheextremetenacityofthezombiesmaymitigatethisadvantage). Memory[edit] Romero'szombieshaveverylimitedtonomemoryoftheirpreviouslife.Buttheyallrememberhowtowalk,andhowtousetheirhandsforseveraltasks(suchasstrikingorholdingsomethingorsomeone).Theyrecognizemanyobjectssuchascars,housesandotherstructures,andtheyrecognizethedoorsinordertoenterthem.AscharactersstateinDawnoftheDead,thezombiesareinthemallsinceitwas"animportantplaceintheirlives".Theyalsokepttheinstinctofeatingandbiting.InDayofTheDead,thezombiedubbed'Bub'isexperimentedonandtrainedbythescientistLoganandrecallshowtousearazor,atelephone,andabook.WhenCapt.Rhodeswalksintheroom,Bubsaluteshim,firesanunloadedpistolathim,andlaterinthemovieshootsCapt.Rhodeswithaloadedpistol.InLandoftheDead,theundeadretainedsomememoryoftheirpastlives,allowingthemtousetoolstheyrememberoperating,andevendisplayemotion,givingsomeofBub'sintelligencetootherzombies. ThezombiesintheReturnoftheLivingDeadseriesretaintheirfullmemoriesasoftheirtimeofdeath,whetherornottheywerereanimatedimmediatelyorafterlonginterment. Intelligence[edit] Thissectionpossiblycontainsoriginalresearch.Pleaseimproveitbyverifyingtheclaimsmadeandaddinginlinecitations.Statementsconsistingonlyoforiginalresearchshouldberemoved.(July2019)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Romero'szombiesinitiallylackfullcognitivefunctionandactonlyonasingledrive:theneedtoseekandconsumelivingflesh.NightoftheLivingDeaddepictedzombieseatinganimalsaswellashumans.Thezombieshavenotruephysiologicalneedforflesh,norcantheirexpireddigestiveorgansderivesustenancefromitatall.ThiswasdiscoveredbyDr.Logan(nicknamed"Frankenstein")duringhismanyexperimentson"living"zombiespecimensandreportedtoSarahinDayoftheDead.Theanimateddeadretainvagueimpulsesderivedfromformerlivingbehavior.Forinstance,zombiesoftenreturntospecificlocationstheyfrequentedwhenalive(examplesfromtheoriginalDawnoftheDead,hordesofzombiesarecompelledtocongregateinashoppingmall,andonezombieknowswheretofindthesecrethideoutcontainingitsstill-livingformercompanions).Lackingimmediatevictimstohunt,zombieswilloftenfumblethroughcrudemotionsreminiscentoflifeactivities,oftenwhenpromptedbyafamiliarartifactsuchasatelephoneorcar.Withstimulus,itispossibleforsomespecimenstobegintoremembermoreofthecommonactivitiestheyperformedwhilealiveandachieveabasicfunctioningintelligence.InDayoftheDead,thezombienicknamedBubwas"educated"intodocilitybyDr.Logan,learned(orremembered)howtooperateahandgunandevendevelopedachildlikeaffectionforitsinstructor.InLandoftheDead,thezombieknownasBigDaddydevelopedsophisticatedcognitivefunctiononhisown,feltaffectionandempathyforhisfellowzombies(evenputtingsomeofthemoutoftheirmiserywhentheywereinjured),couldteachotherzombieshowtouseobjects(includingweapons)anddevisedcrudestrategiesforbypassingthedefensesofthelivinghumanswhohaddestroyedmanyofhisfellows.ThemoreintelligentzombieslikeBubandBigDaddyretaintheirhungerforlivinghumanflesh,butcanputoffimmediategratificationifdoingsooffersachanceforamoresignificantrewardlater. InO'Bannon'suniverse,ifbodiesarestillingoodconditionwhentheyarereanimated,thentheresultingzombiesreallyarecapableofthesamethingsasnormallivinghumans.Basically,theyarelikenormalhumansbutwithanuncontrollableneedtoeatbrains,whicheasethegreatandconstantpainfeltfromtheirowndecomposition.Dependingontheirownintelligence,fromthepreviouslife,theycanactuallyresisttheirneedforeatingbrainstothebenefitofsurvivalandtoelaboratesome"brain-hunting"tactics.Forinstance,arotten,half-meltedzombiedubbed"Tarman"desperatelytriestopulldownaclosetdoorwithawinchinordertocatchoneoftheprotagonists:Tina,hisintendedvictim.HefailstogetTina,butmanagestoeatoneofherfriendswhocomestoherrescue.Thisalsogoesasfarasposingasanormallivinghuman(likeacopsignalingcarstostopontheside)orcallingfriendsorotherpeopleandaskingthemforhelp,basicallyanythingtoattractandtrapnewlivingfreshbrainswhentheygetcloseenough.Itisalsoworthnotingthat,asseeninReturnoftheLivingDeadPart2,thesezombieswillactcommunally;forexample,waitingtoopenagateforalltheotherzombiesratherthansimplytakingthebrainsforthemselves. Locomotion[edit] Romero'szombiesareslowandshambling.Ininterviews,GeorgeRomerohasattributedthisqualitytorigormortis,andtothepoorconditionoftheirankles.[5]AsheriffinNightoftheLivingDeadsagelysuggeststhattheirlimitedmobilityisduetothefactthat"they'redead,they're...allmessedup."InDiaryoftheDead(2007,postDawnoftheDeadremake)thedirectorofthestudenthorrorfilmtellshislivingdeadactor(amummy,inthiscase)nottomovequicklybecause"ifyourunthatfastyouranklesaregoingtosnapoff."Whenthatcharacterlaterbecomesanactualzombieandshamblesafteravictimthedirectorsays"See?Itoldyoudeadthingsmoveslow!"ThecemeteryzombieinNightoftheLivingDeadandthetwozombiechildreninDawnoftheDead(1978)aretheonlyrunningzombiesintheseries. O'Bannon'sTrioxin-contaminatedzombiescanrunifnotphysicallyinjuredanddisplayquitenormalmobilityifnottoodecomposed.Theyhavetheaddedadvantageofremainingmobileevenifsignificantbodymassislost.Severaltimes,zombieswhohavelosttheirlegsremainagileandquickthroughtheuseoftheirarms. Speech[edit] InRomero'sseries,zombiesnevergetmuchbeyondbasicgruntsandgroansorevenscreams.TheaforementionedzombieBubmakesapraiseworthyefforttosay"HelloAuntAlicia,"buttheresultislargelyincomprehensible.BigDaddyinLandoftheDeadwasabletocrudelylaughafterfindingajackhammer. IntheReturnoftheLivingDeadseries,azombiecanspeaknormally(evenifitslungs,trachea,andfacialmusclesarelargelymissing)butittendstoonlybeoneword("brains!")oranyrealconversationwilltendtoleantowardstheirattractiontothelistener'sbrain,howgooditmusttasteandthespeaker'soverwhelmingdesiretoconsumeit.ThereisaglaringexceptiontothisinReturnoftheLivingDead3,involvingaveryfreshcorpsethathadnotevenbeenburiedyet. Termination[edit] TheonlywayaRomerozombiecandieisifitsbrainisdestroyed.ZombiescanalsobeburnedasshowninNightoftheLivingDead.Azombie'smobilitymaybehamperedbystructuraldamage,butsuchdamagewilldonothingtoreducethe"lifeforce"drivingthebody.Bodypartsseveredfromanundeadbrainwillbecomeinanimate.Simplyremovingtheheaddoesnotkillthezombie;theheadwouldremainalive,asshowninDayoftheDead. Incontrast,atypicalO'Bannonzombiesimplycannotbedeactivatedshortofcompletedestruction.Anyseveredbodypartswillstillremainanimate,resultingintwoormoremovingparts.Therefore,decapitationproducesbothananimateheadandananimatebodywanderingaroundstilltryingtocatchalivinghuman.Thereareonlytwoknownwaystopermanentlykillazombie.Oneiscompletelyburningthebody(asseeninthecremationscenefromTheReturnoftheLivingDead),thoughburningthebodyreleasesTrioxin-lacedsmokeintotheair,whichcancombinewithcloudstocreateTrioxin-lacedrain.Anotherwayiselectrocutingthezombieuntiltheyceasetomoveorsquirm(seeReturnoftheLivingDeadPartII).Inthethirdfilm,scientistsinventedanendothermicchemicaldartthatfreezesthebrain,incapacitatingthezombie,butitseffectivedurationiswildlyunpredictable.Thiszombieenduranceisneverthelesscontradictedinboththefourthandfifthfilmsintheseries,wherethezombiesareeasilydestroyedbyattack,includingattacksthatdonotdamagethebrain.AnotherdiscontinuitywithintheO'Bannonseriesisthat,inthefourthfilm,thezombiesdonotseemtobecapableofrunning,astheytendtomoveasslowasthezombiesintheRomeroseries. Unauthorizedsequelsandremakes[edit] TherearealsosomeotherfilmsthathavebeenreleasedassequelstovariousfilmsinRomero'sDeadseries,mostlikelytorideonthenamerecognitionthatRomero'sfilmsenjoy.Theyhavebeenproducedduetothevariousmix-upswiththecopyrightandownershipofthemovies,RomerohimselfownsonlyDawnoftheDeadfromhisfirstfourfilms.[citationneeded] Romeroisoftenpositivetowardsderivationsofhiswork,statingthatanynewfilminthehorrorgenreisastepforward,whethercompletelyoriginalora'copycat'.[citationneeded] Zombi2(1979)[edit] Mainarticle:Zombi2 DirectedbyLucioFulci.AlsoknownasZombieintheU.S.andasZombieFleshEatersintheU.K.ThefilmthatwasalreadyinproductionwhenDawnoftheDeadwasreleased,butwasrenamedtobeasequeluponitsrelease(DawnoftheDeadwastitledZombiinItaly).Thismoviehasahistoryofofficialandunofficialsequelsitself(seeZombi(filmseries)). DayoftheDead2:Contagium(2005)[edit] Mainarticle:DayoftheDead2:Contagium DirectedbyAnaClavellandJamesDudelson.WhilebilledasasequeltoDayoftheDead,asTaurusEntertainmentCompanyholdstheoriginal'scopyright,ithasnoactualtiestotheoriginalDayoftheDeadortheseries(althoughtheprologueissetinPittsburgh1968). TaurusEntertainmentCompanyeventuallyannouncedplansinAugust2009toproduceasequel,withaworkingtitle-turned-officialtitle,DayoftheDead:Epidemic,whichissettobethethirdinstallmentoftheseries.[6] NightoftheLivingDead3D(2006)[edit] Mainarticle:NightoftheLivingDead3D DirectedbyJeffBroadstreet.Thefilmisaremake/reimaginingoftheoriginalfilmmadeina3Dformat.Theoriginal'sstatusaspublicdomainmadeitpossibletoproducethisfilmwithouttheinvolvementofeitherRomeroorRusso. DayoftheDead(2008)[edit] Mainarticle:DayoftheDead(2008film) DirectedbySteveMiner,thestoryislocatedinLeadville,Colorado,wherethecoupleofTrevor(MichaelWelch)andNina(AnnaLynneMcCord)findthemselvesinatownsuddenlysealedoffbymilitaryforces(MenaSuvari,VingRhamesandNickCannon).Peoplebeginactingstrangelyandthedeadcomebacktolife,withthecoupleandthesoldierstryingtoescape. Mimesis:NightoftheLivingDead(2011)[edit] Mainarticle:Mimesis:NightoftheLivingDead Relatesthestoryofagroupofhorrorfilmfanswhobecomeinvolvedina"real-life"versionofthe1968film NightoftheLivingDead:Resurrection(2012)[edit] Mainarticle:NightoftheLivingDead:Resurrection BritishdirectorJamesPlumbmadethisremakesetinWales. NightoftheLivingDead3D:Re-Animation(2012)[edit] Mainarticle:NightoftheLivingDead3D:Re-Animation ThisfilmisasequeltoNightoftheLivingDead3DandisnotthesameasNightoftheLivingDead:Reanimated(2009)[1],whichisananimatedfilmusingvarioustechniquestoretellthestoryoftheoriginalfilm. ANightoftheLivingDead(2014)[edit] ShatteredImagesFilmsandCullenParkProductionsreleasedaremakewithnewtwistsandcharacters,writtenanddirectedbyChadZuver. NightoftheLivingDead:DarkestDawn(2015)[edit] Mainarticle:NightoftheLivingDead:DarkestDawn 3Danimatedfilmpresentingtheeventsoftheoriginalfilminamoremodernsetting DayoftheDead:Bloodline(2018)[edit] Mainarticle:DayoftheDead:Bloodline InJanuary2018,asecondreimaginingofDayoftheDeadwasreleased,titledDayoftheDead:Bloodline. Rebirth(formerlyNightoftheLivingDead:Rebirth)(2020)[edit] RisingPulseProductionsplannedanupdatedtakeontheclassicfilmthatbringstolightpresentissuesthatimpactmodernsocietysuchasreligiousbigotry,homophobia,andtheinfluenceofsocialmedia NightoftheLivingDead:Genesis(TBD)[edit] DirectorMattCloudeinitiallyannouncedthisremakeprojectin2011.[139]Thefilmhasundergoneseveraltransitionsintheensuingyears. Parodies[edit] Therehavealsobeenultra-lowbudgetparodiessuchas: NightoftheLivingBread(1990)[edit] Mainarticle:NightoftheLivingBread DirectedbyKevinS.O'Brien.Aparodyoftheoriginalfilm,whereasatellitecrashestoEarthbringingradiationthatpromptlyanimates–asopposedtore-animating–allmannerofhomicidalbread,frombunstobiscuitstoCommunionwafers. NightoftheDayoftheDawn[...](1991)[edit] Mainarticle:NightoftheDayoftheDawn NightoftheDayoftheDawnistheshortenedtitleofaparodycreatedbyJamesRiffel,whichistheclassicNightoftheLivingDeadfilmwithredubbedcomedicdialogueandsomenewclips.Thecompletetitleofthemovieis:NightoftheDayoftheDawnoftheSonoftheBrideoftheReturnoftheRevengeoftheTerroroftheAttackoftheEvil,Mutant,Alien,FleshEating,Hellbound,ZombifiedLivingDeadPart2. Poultrygeist:NightoftheChickenDead(2006)[edit] Mainarticle:Poultrygeist:NightoftheChickenDead DirectedbyLloydKaufman.AfterafictionalfriedchickenfranchiseopensarestaurantonthelocationofanIndianburialground,thechickencorpsescometolife,wreakinghavoconthesite.[7] NightoftheLovingDead(2013)[edit] DirectedbyJ.F.Kinyon.Ashort-filmparodyoftheoriginalGeorgeRomerofilm,azombieattacksacoupleinanoldgraveyardtoimpresshiszombiegirlfriend. Homages[edit] Therehavealsobeenfilmsthatpayhomagetothegenre: ShaunoftheDead(2004)[edit] Mainarticle:ShaunoftheDead DirectedbyEdgarWright.Thefilmisaboutanunmotivatedslackerwhomustcopewithazombieuprising,inLondon,whiletryingtosorthislifeout.SimonPeggnotesintheinterviewontheDVDReleaseofShaunoftheDeadandinaninterviewonBBCRadio1priortothefilm'sreleasethattheysoughtGeorgeA.Romero'sblessingandacknowledgementorthefilmwouldnothavebeenreleased.[Thisquoteneedsacitation]SimonPeggcommentsthat"Georgeinfactloveditsomuch,we[SimonPeggandEdgarWright]wereaskedtobeinthefilmLandoftheDeadasleadingcharacters,butwesaidno,noway,definitelygottobezombies!"[Thisquoteneedsacitation]ShaunoftheDeadfeaturesnumerousreferencestonotonlyRomerofilms,butseveralotherhorror/sciencefictionmoviestoo. Fido(2006)[edit] Mainarticle:Fido(film) DirectedbyAndrewCurrie.Thefilmtakesplaceafterthezombieapocalypse,inasmall,safe,idyllic1950s-styletown.Inthisfilmzombiesarekeptasslavesorpets,untilsomethinginevitablygoeswrong. DanceoftheDead(2008)[edit] Mainarticle:DanceoftheDead(film) DirectedbyGreggBishop.ThefilmisaboutahighschoolprominGeorgiawhichisunexpectedlyinterruptedwhenagraveyard,nexttoapowerplant,becomesthesuddensourceofreanimatedcadavers.Aszombiesmarchonthehighschool,amotleygroupofdatelessteenageoutcaststakeonthezombiesandsavetheday. ZoneoftheDead(2009)[edit] Mainarticle:ZoneoftheDead DirectedbyMilanKonjevićandMilanTodorović.AlsoknownasApocalypseoftheDeadintheU.K.andtheU.S.,ZoneoftheDeadisaSerbianzombiehorrorfilmstarringKenForeefromtheoriginalDawnoftheDeadanditsremake.ThemovieisinEnglishandithasbeenreleasedbyEpicPicturesReleasinginAmericaonSeptember1,2012underthetitleApocalypseoftheDead.Ithasacultstatusinsomeregionsandasequelisindevelopment. FlightoftheLivingDead(2007)[edit] Documentaries[edit] DocumentoftheDead(1985)[edit] Mainarticle:DocumentoftheDead DirectedbyRoyFrumkes.DocumentoftheDeadisa1985documentaryfilmthattakesalookbackfromRomero'sfirsttelevisioncommercialsonwardanditchronicleshiscareerandstylistictechniques. FanoftheDead(2003)[edit] DirectedbyNicolasGarreau.FanoftheDeadisa200352-minutedocumentaryroad-movierevealingthefilminglocationsofNightoftheLivingDead,DawnoftheDead,DayoftheDeadandtheNightoftheLivingDeadremake,withexclusiveinterviewswiththecastofGeorgeA.Romero'strilogy. FanoftheDeadwasreleasedonDVD/Blu-rayintheU.S./Canada(CheezyFlicks),France(BachFilms),Italy(MillenniumStorm),Germany(CMVLaservision),Spain/Portugal(MangaFilms),GreatBritain(ArrowFilms)andAustralia(UmbrellaEntertainment).[8] Additionalcredits:MusicbySebastianMunozandAntonioMartino;editedbyOlivierAndre. OnefortheFire:TheLegacyof'NightoftheLivingDead'(2008)[edit] DirectedbyRobertLucas(asRobertL.Lucas)andChrisRoe.OnefortheFire:TheLegacyof'NightoftheLivingDead'isa2008documentaryfilmmadetocelebratethe40thanniversaryofGeorgeRomero'sNightoftheLivingDead.Itfeaturesmostofthemainpeoplebehindthefilm,aswellasafewofthelesserknownpeoplewhohadminorrolesinthemovie.Romero,JohnRusso,RussellStreiner,JudithO'DeaandKarlHardmanareamongthoseinterviewed. Additionalcredits:ProducedbyRobertLucasandChrisRoe;writtenbyBillyGram,RobertLucas(co-creator)andChrisRoe(conceptcreator);musicbyJessBryden;cinematographybyRobertLucas;editedbyMichaelFelsher. AutopsyoftheDead(2009)[edit] DirectedbyJeffCarney.AutopsyoftheDeadisa2009documentaryfilmthatexaminesthelivinghistorybehindNightoftheLivingDeadthathassinceattainedthestatusofaculturalphenomenon.[9] Additionalcredits:ProducedandwrittenbyJeffCarneyandJamesCirronella;editingandCinematographybyJeffCarney. Cinemall(2011)[edit] DirectedbyGavinShawandCraigBelliveau.Cinemallisa2011shortdocumentaryfilmabouttheMonroevilleMall,themainlocationofDawnoftheDead.[10] Additionalcredits:ProducedandcinematographyandeditingbyGavinShawandCraigBelliveau;writtenbyGavinShaw;musicbyCarloCarosi. BirthoftheLivingDead(2012)[edit] DirectedbyRobKuhns.BirthoftheLivingDeadfocusesontheimpactNightoftheLivingDeadhadonpopculture. LivingDeadinothermedia[edit] AlthoughthemajorityoftheLivingDeadmediahasbeenfilms,relatedprojectshavebeenreleasedinothermedia.AhandfulofbooksandcomicsbookstakeplaceintheLivingDeaduniverse.Aswiththefilms,someofthemareofficiallyendorsed,whileothersarenot. Books[edit] NightoftheLivingDead(1974),byJohnA.Russo.Anovelizationofthefirstfilm. ReturnoftheLivingDead[book1](1978),byJohnA.Russo.Astand-alonesequeltoNightoftheLivingDead,withfewsimilaritiestotheeventualfilmsofthesamename. DawnoftheDead[book2](1978),byGeorgeA.RomeroandSusannaSparrow.Anovelizationofthesecondfilm. ReturnoftheLivingDead(1985),byJohnA.Russo.isanovelizationofthefilmofthesamename BookoftheDead[book3](1989)andStillDead:BookoftheDead2[book4](1992),editedbyJohnSkippandCraigSpector.Aseriesoftwoanthologybookscompiledbyanumberofauthors,mostnotablyStephenKing,withforewordswrittenbyRomeroandTomSavini. NightoftheLivingDead[book5](2009),byChristopherAndrews.Novelizationofthefirstfilm,notauthorizedbyRomeroorRusso. NightoftheLivingDead(2016),bySeanEbley.ACurrentlythenewestnovelizationofthefilm NightsoftheLivingDead(2017),editedbyGeorgeRomeroandJonathanMaybury.Thisbook,likeBookoftheDead,isananthologyofstoriesfromdifferentauthors.Theeventsofthebooktakeplaceduringthenightofthelivingdead. EpidemicoftheLivingDead(2018),byJohnRusso. TheLivingDead(2020),byGeorgeRomero.ThisbookRomerowrotebeforehisdeathin2017afterRomero'sdeath,thebookwascompletedbyDanielKraus Comics[edit] ToeTags,[book6]alsoknownasTheDeathofDeathisasix-issuecomicbookminiseriesoriginallypublishedfromDecember2004toMay2005byDCComics[11]whichwasbasedonanunusedscriptbyRomero.[12]ItwasdrawnbyTommyCastilloandRodneyRamos,withcoversbyhorrorartistBerniWrightson.Romero'sstoryisactuallybasedonanunusedscriptforasequeltohisDeadfilms;theminiseriesthereforefollowshissimilartropes:extremegore,socialcommentary,evolvingzombies,andtheheroesridingoffintheendintoanunknownfate. RoadoftheDead:HighwaytoHell(IDWPublishing),the2019comicbookprequeltothefilmRoadoftheDead,writtenbyJonathanMaberry. TheRise(HeavyMetal),Tne2021prequelcomictoNightoftheLivingDeadwrittenbyRomero'ssonG.CameronRomero,depictingtheoriginstoryofthezombieoutbreak.Theprojectwasoriginallyintendedtobeafilm,whichstartedasanIndiegogofundingcampaignin2014forNightoftheLivingDead:OriginsandlaterrenamedRiseoftheLivingDead.ItissetattheheightoftheColdWarera,depictingamilitaryscientistsearchingforawaytosustainhumanlifeintheeventofanuclearholocaust.RomeroeventuallyscrappedtheprojectandconverteditintoacomicbooktitledTheRise,toavoidpotentialstudiointerferenceandtrademarkingdisputes.ChapterswillbepublishedindividuallyinissuesofHeavyMetalmagazine,andthencollectedintoasinglegraphicnovel EscapeoftheLivingDeadseries EscapeoftheLivingDead[book7]isafive-issuecomicbookminiseriesoriginallypublishedfromSeptember2005toMarch2006byAvatarPress[13]andwrittenbyJohnA.RussoasasequeltoNightoftheLivingDead. EscapeoftheLivingDead:Fearbook[book8]isasingleissuecomicbookoriginallypublishedAugust2006byAvatarPress[14]andwrittenbyMikeWolferandisasequeltoEscapeoftheLivingDead. EscapeoftheLivingDead:Airborne[book9]isathree-issuecomicbookminiseriesoriginallypublishedfromSeptember2006toNovember2006byAvatarPress[15]andwrittenbyJohnA.RussoandMikeWolferandisasequeltoEscapeoftheLivingDead. EscapeoftheLivingDeadAnnual#1[book10]isasingleissuecomicbookoriginallypublishedMarch2007byAvatarPressandwrittenbyMikeWolferandisasequeltoEscapeoftheLivingDead. EscapeoftheLivingDead:Resurrected[book11]isacollectionofthewholeseriesoriginallypublishedJanuary2008byAvatarPress.Itcontainsall10issuesofthestory:theoriginalfive-issueminiseries,thethree-issueAirborneminiseries,theFearbook,andtheAnnual.[16] EmpireoftheDead[edit] EmpireoftheDeadisacomicconsistingofthreeactsof5issueseach.ThecomicwaswrittenbyGeorgeRomeroforMarvelComics,butunlikehisfilms,thiscomicalsofeaturesvampiresintheplot. NightoftheLivingDeadseries NightoftheLivingDead(2010byJohnRusso) NightoftheLivingDead:Prelude NightoftheLivingDead(1991byTomSkulan) NightoftheLivingDead(1994byNoelHannan) NightoftheLivingDead2011Annual NightoftheLivingDeadAnnual#1 NightoftheLivingDead:BackFromtheGrave NightoftheLivingDead:TheBeginning#1 NightoftheLivingDeadHolidaySpecial#1 NightoftheLivingDead:JustaGirl NightoftheLivingDead:NewYork NightoftheLivingDead:DeathValley Nightofthelivingdead:London NightoftheLivingDead:Hunger NightoftheLivingDead:Barbara'sZombieChronicles NightoftheLivingDead:Aftermath TheWalkingDead TheWalkingDead(2003),anongoingcomicbookaccountofazombie-apocalypticworldwrittenbyRobertKirkman.RobertKirkmanlaterstatedthathisserieswouldhavebeencalledNightoftheLivingDead,sinceitwasinthepublicdomain,asawaytogetmorerecognition.ThefirstpageoftheproposalhadlinestakenfromRomero'sfilmandthestorywastohavetakenplaceinthe'60s.PublisherJimValentinosuggestedKirkmantochangethetitletosomethingelse,asitmadenosensetocreatesomethingunderthetitlethatcouldnotbetrademarked.KirkmanlatersaidthatNightwouldhavebeen"themostinaccuratetitleTheWalkingDeadcouldhavehad".ThehittelevisionseriesTheWalkingDead,basedonthecomicbookseries,premieredin2010. Videogames[edit] LandoftheDead:RoadtoFiddler'sGreen(2005),developedbyBrainboxGamesforPCandtheXbox.Afirst-personshooterlicensedvideogamebasedontheGeorgeA.RomerozombiehorrormovieLandoftheDead. DeadRising(2006),developedbyCapcomfortheXbox360.ContainsexactparallelstoDawnoftheDead,beingsetinazombie-filledshoppingmall.Thesimilaritiesaresoconspicuousthatalegaldisclaimerwasputonthegame'spackagingafteradisputewiththeMKRGroup,holderoftherightstoDawnoftheDead,whichwasdismissedincourt. IngameINTOTHEDEAD2hada"NightoftheLivingDead"eventtocommemoratethe50thanniversaryoftheLivingDeadfranchise.Theeventisaprequeltothe'68film. InCapcom'sBreathofFire,avideogamefortheSuperNintendoEntertainmentsystem,thetownnorthofWinland,thatNinaandthetwowingedsoldiersmusttravelthrough,isinfestedwithzombie-likecreaturesatnight.Thistowniscalled"Romero". Bibliographyandreferences[edit] Bibliography[edit] ^Russo,JohnA.(September1978).ReturnoftheLivingDead.Dale.ISBN 978-0-89559-062-6. ^Romero,GeorgeA.;Sparrow,Susanna(1978).DawnoftheDead.St.Martin'sPress.ISBN 978-0-312-18393-6. ^Skipp,John;Spector,Craig,eds.(June1989).BookoftheDead.NewYork,N.Y.,US:BantamBooks.ISBN 978-0-553-27998-6. ^Skipp,John;Spector,Craig,eds.(July1992).StillDead:BookoftheDead2.NewYork,US:BantamBooks.ISBN 978-0-553-29839-0. ^Andrews,Christopher(October2009).NightoftheLivingDead.FountainValley,CA,US:RisingStarVisionaryPress.ISBN 978-0-9824882-1-8. ^Romero,GeorgeA. (w), Castillo,Tommy (p), Ramos,Rodney, Wrightson,Bernie (i). ToeTags 1–6(December 1, 2004 (2004-12-01)(US)–May 1, 2005 (2005-05-01)(US)),US:DCComics ^Russo,John (w), Verma,Dheeraj (p), Christensen,William (ed). EscapeoftheLivingDead 1–6(September 1, 2005 (2005-09-01)(US)–March 1, 2006 (2006-03-01)(US)),US:AvatarPress,ISBN 978-1-59291-034-2 ^Wolfer,Mike (w),MikeWolfer (a), Dalhouse,Andrew (col), Christensen,William (ed). EscapeoftheLivingDead:Fearbook 1(August 1, 2006 (2006-08-01)(US)),US:AvatarPress ^Russo,John,MikeWolfer (w), Verma,Dheeraj (p), Lalit (i), Dalhouse,Andrew (col), Christensen,William (ed). EscapeoftheLivingDead:Airborne 1–3(September 1, 2006 (2006-09-01)(US)–November 1, 2006 (2006-11-01)(US)),US:AvatarPress ^Wolfer,Mike (w),MikeWolfer (a), Dalhouse,Andrew (col). EscapeoftheLivingDeadAnnual#1 1(March 21, 2007 (2007-03-21)(US)),US:AvatarPress ^Russo,John (w),Verma,Dheeraj (a), Christensen,William (ed). EscapeoftheLivingDead:Resurrected(January 28, 2008 (2008-01-28)(US)),US:AvatarPress,ISBN 978-1-59291-047-2 References[edit] ^Hakeem."GeorgeRomerosTrilogyoftheDeadReview".MoviesOnline.RetrievedAugust26,2011. ^Robey,Tim."GeorgeARomero:WhyIdon'tlikeTheWalkingDead".Telegraph.co.uk.TelegraphMediaGroup.Retrieved2015-02-26. ^"NightoftheLivingDead:TheManySequels,Remakes,andSpinoffs".October2019. ^"'TwilightoftheDead,'GeorgeA.Romero'sFinalZombieMovie,intheWorks(Exclusive)".TheHollywoodReporter.30April2021. ^"Zombiemaestrolaysdownthelore".7March2008. ^Barton,Steve(August26,2009)."TaurustoStrikeAgain–DayoftheDead:Epidemic".DreadCentral.RetrievedAugust27,2011. ^"Poultrygeist:NightoftheChickenDeadofficialwebsite".PoultrygeistProductions.RetrievedAugust27,2011. ^"FanoftheDeadofficialwebsite".RetrievedAugust27,2011. ^"AutopsyoftheDeadofficialwebsite".RetrievedAugust31,2011. ^"Cinemallofficialwebsite".ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJuly8,2011.RetrievedAugust27,2011. ^"ToeTagsvolumeoverview".ComicVine.RetrievedAugust31,2011. ^"ToeTags:TheDeathofDeath".TheComicologist.RetrievedAugust31,2011. ^"EscapeoftheLivingDeadvolumeoverview".ComicVine.RetrievedAugust31,2011. ^"EscapeoftheLivingDead:Fearbookvolumeoverview".ComicVine.RetrievedSeptember4,2011. ^"EscapeoftheLivingDead:Airbornevolumeoverview".ComicVine.RetrievedSeptember4,2011. ^"EscapeoftheLivingDead:Resurrectedplotsummary".ComicVine.RetrievedSeptember4,2011. Externallinks[edit] GeorgeRomeroAndHisSofteningStanceOnZombies ZombiesandlivingdeadmoviesatMovieInformation HomepageoftheDead:GeorgeARomero'sDeadFilms vteLivingDeadfilmsRomero'sDeadseries NightoftheLivingDead(1968) DawnoftheDead(1978) DayoftheDead(1985) LandoftheDead(2005) DiaryoftheDead(2007) SurvivaloftheDead(2009) Deadseriesremakes NightoftheLivingDead(1990) DawnoftheDead(2004) DayoftheDead(2008) DayoftheDead:Bloodline(2018) NightoftheAnimatedDead(2021) ReturnoftheLivingDeadseries TheReturnoftheLivingDead(1985) ReturnoftheLivingDeadPartII(1988) ReturnoftheLivingDeadIII(1993) ReturnoftheLivingDead:Necropolis(2005) ReturnoftheLivingDead:RavetotheGrave(2005) ArmyoftheDeadseries ArmyoftheDead(2021) ArmyofThieves(2021) UnofficialsequelsZombiseries Zombi2(1979) Zombi3(1988) AfterDeath(Zombi4)(1989) KillingBirds(Zombi5)(1988) Other ChildrenoftheLivingDead(2001) DayoftheDead2:Contagium(2005) NightoftheLivingDead3D(2006) NightoftheLivingDead3D:Re-Animation(2012) NightoftheLivingDead:Resurrection(2012) NightoftheLivingDead:DarkestDawn(2015) Parodies NightoftheLivingBread(1990) Poultrygeist:NightoftheChickenDead(2006) NightoftheLivingCarrots(2011) Homages HelloftheLivingDead(1980) Flesheater(1988) ShaunoftheDead(2004) Fido(2006) FlightoftheLivingDead(2007) DanceoftheDead(2008) ZoneoftheDead(2009) JuanoftheDead(2011) Mimesis:NightoftheLivingDead(2011) HoodoftheLivingDead Relatedtopics DawnoftheDeadinpopularculture DawnoftheDead(soundtracks) "NightoftheLivingDead"(1979song) DocumentoftheDead(1981/1989/2012documentary) EscapeoftheLivingDead(2005comicbook) LandoftheDead:RoadtoFiddler'sGreen(2005videogame) CityoftheDead(cancelledvideogame) BirthoftheLivingDead(2012documentary) EmpireoftheDead(2014–2015comicbook) TheLivingDead(2020novel) DayoftheDead(2021televisionseries) Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Living_Dead&oldid=1069392984" Categories:HorrorfilmfranchisesLivingDeadfilmsHiddencategories:ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromSeptember2011ArticlesthatmaycontainoriginalresearchfromSeptember2012AllarticlesthatmaycontainoriginalresearchArticlesthatmaycontainoriginalresearchfromJuly2019ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromAugust2011Articleswithunsourcedquotes Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Languages Français한국어PortuguêsРусскийSvenskaTiếngViệt Editlinks