Cities Alliance - Wikipedia

Cities Alliance is a global partnership fighting urban poverty and supporting cities to deliver sustainable development. To manage its activities, ... CitiesAlliance FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch CitiesAllianceFoundedMay1999TypeGlobalPartnershipLegalstatusActiveHeadquartersBrussels,BelgiumLeaderDrGregMunro,DirectorWebsitewww.citiesalliance.org CitiesAllianceisaglobalpartnershipfightingurbanpovertyandsupportingcitiestodeliversustainabledevelopment.Tomanageitsactivities,theCitiesAllianceoperatesamulti-donorfundwithUNOfficeforProjectServices(UNOPS),ashostandtrustee.Differentmembersprovidedirection,financingandadvocacy.CitiesAllianceaimstodeliversolutionstourbanpoverty. Contents 1Overview 2Practices 2.1CityDevelopmentStrategies(CDS) 2.2Slumupgrading 2.3Countryprogrammes 2.4CatalyticFund 2.5Advocacy 3Accomplishments 4Membership 5Furtherreading 6Seealso 7References Overview[edit] Foundedin1999attheconclusionoftheInternationalMayorsSummit,[1]theCitiesAlliance'sinitialmemberswerebilateralaidagenciesfromtheUS,Japan,German,theUK,andCanada,inadditiontofourassociationsoflocalauthorities.[2]Fromitsinception,theCitiesAlliancehasbeenclearinitsintentiontoexclusively"fundpartnership-effortsofmultiplestakeholders",withtheintentionofengenderingcooperationacrossthegovernment,NGO,internationalorganization,andcitizenadvocacydividestosupportactivelocalgovernance,citizenship,andeconomicgrowth[2]Theseeffortsimplicate"regionalstaffmembersinAfrica,Asia,andLatinAmerica".[3] TheCitiesAlliancehasadditionally"madetransparencyandaccesstoinformationanimportantaspectofitsdecision-makingprocess"inaccordancewithprinciplefiveoftheParisDeclarationonAidEffectiveness.[2]ThisisoneofseveralwaysinwhichtheCitiesAllianceisinlinewithcurrentthinkingonthesubject.Throughtheircountryprogrammes,forinstance,theyarestrengthening"aframeworktoenhancecooperationbetweenurbanstakeholders,andpublicandprivateinvestmentsinurbancommunities",echoingtheParisDeclaration'sthemesofharmonisation,alignment,andownership.[4] Inadditiontograntdistributionandmonitoringefforts,theCitiesAlliancealsoservesas"amediumforinformationandexperiencesharingbetweenvariouslocalgovernments",toencouragethedevelopmentofbestpracticesinurbanplanning,mapping,andservicedelivery,withknowledgeexchangestakingplaceinvariousfora.[3]ItwasthissamecoordinatingfunctionthatpromptedtheCitiesAllianceSecretariat'slocation,firstinWashingtonDCandtheninBrussels,inorder"toencourageclosecoordinationbetweenthetechnicalassistanceroletobepromotedbytheCitiesAlliance"withthelarger"urbanprojectlending"function.[5]Thismove,fromWashingtonDCtoBrusselsin2013,correspondedwiththedepartureoftheCitiesAlliancefromtheWorldBank,atwhichpointitfellundertheauspicesoftheUNOfficeforProjectServices(UNOPS),followinga"partnership-drivenselectionprocess"tomakeittheirsecretariatandtrustee.[6] Practices[edit] ThebasicpracticesoftheCitiesAlliancewereoutlinedintheir2003annualreport,callingfor"anattackonurbanpovertybyfocusingontwoareas:citydevelopmentstrategy(CDS),andcitywideandnationwidesquattersettlementupgrading".[7]ThishassinceexpandedtoincludeothermodalitiesbutstillformsthebedrockofCitiesAlliance,whichfocuseson"thecityanditsregionratherthanonsectors",makingitrelativelyunusual.[8] CityDevelopmentStrategies(CDS)[edit] CityDevelopmentStrategiesarepositioned"asamechanismtocreateasharedvisionofthecity'sfutureamongallstakeholders".[7]Theyare"basedonanassessmentofeachcity'seconomicgrowthprospectsandareaimedatenhancingitscompetitiveness"andfocuson"improvedurbangovernance,fiscalresponsibilityandtheestablishmentforclearprioritiesforactionandinvestment".[2]OneprominentexampleofaCitiesAllianceCDSprogrammecanbefoundinthePhilippines.In1999,the"WorldBank/Japan,concurrentwithUNDP/UN-HABITAT"supportedthedevelopmentofCDSinthreecities.[9]Subsequently,"theMunicipalLeagueofthePhilippines"expandedtheproject"tomanymorecitiesthaninitiallyincluded",duetotheCDS’capacitytoaidleadersinunderstanding"theeconomicdevelopmentofthecity"andremoving"constraintstoitsefficientfunctioning"toraiselivingstandardsofitscitizens.[10] Slumupgrading[edit] Slumupgrading,orthedeliveringof"apackageofbasicservices:cleanwatersupplyandadequatesewagedisposaltoimprovethewell-beingofthecommunity"and"legalizingand‘regularizing’thepropertiesinsituationsofinsecureoruncleartenure"was,andcontinuestobe,oneofthefirstfocusesoftheCitiesAlliance.[11]ProminentslumupgradingprojectsundertakenbytheCitiesAllianceinclude: ACommunity-LedInfrastructureFinancingFacilityinMumbai[12] TheShelterFinanceforthePoorInitiativeinPeru,India,Mexico,Ecuador,andKenya,[13] ANationalSlumUpgradingStrategyinthePhilippines[14] TheVietnamUrbanUpgradingProject(VUUP)[15] BarrioLegalProgrammeinSãoPaulo[16] NationalUpgradingSupportProgram(NUSP)inSouthAfrica[17] Countryprogrammes[edit] Countryprogrammesareconsideredthe"fulcrumofitsworkprogramtolonger-term,programmaticsupport".[18]Theyareaframework,including"nationalandlocalgovernments,urbanpoorcommunities,CitiesAlliancemembers,investorsandotherpartners"andfundingforprojects.[19]IntheirUgandaCountryProgramme,forinstance,projectsaretargeted"notonlywherethebulkofurbanizationistakingplace,butalsowherecapacityconstraints,infrastructurebacklogs,andaffordabilitychallengesarethemostextreme".[18] CatalyticFund[edit] TheCatalyticFundoftheCitiesAllianceisafundforsmallgrants($50,000to$200,000),intendedto"catalyseurbantransformationprocessesthatpromoteinclusivecities"andadvancecollectiveknowledge"throughlearningdistilledfromprojectexperiences"andareissuedalongselectedthemes.[20]Thethemesinquestionvary,butinyearspast,theyhaveincluded"KnowYourCity"[21]and"YouthandtheCity".[22] Advocacy[edit] TheCitiesAlliancehashadseveralhigh-profileadvocatesinitshistory,including: ClareShort:ABritishpolitician,ShorthasbeenamemberoftheCitiesAlliance'spolicyarmsince2006.[23] SheelaPatel:ThefounderoftheSocietyforthePromotionofAreaResourceCenters(SPARC)isanalumnaofthepolicyarm,steppingawayfromherpositionin2007.[24] MaryHoughton:Theco-founderofShoreBank,HoughtenisreportedlyaformermemberofthePolicyAdvisoryBoardfrom2001until2004.[25] SomsookBoonyabancha:TheCitiesAlliancewebsiteliststheSecretaryGeneraloftheAsianCoalitionforHousingRights(ACHR)ashavingbeenactiveinthePolicyAdvisoryBoardfrom2001until2004.[25] JeanPierreElongMbassi:TheSecretaryGeneraloftheUCLG-AfricaisalsoamemberoftheCitiesAlliancePolicyAdvisoryBoard.[26][27] RichardWebbDuarte:Theex-presidentofthePeruvianCentralBankparticipatedinthePolicyAdvisoryBoard.[28] JuanitaAmatong:TheformerPhilippineSecretaryofFinancewasalsoamemberofthePolicyAdvisoryBoard.[29] PauloTeixeira:ThismemberoftheBrazilianNationalCongresscontributedtothePolicyAdvisoryBoard.[30] NicephoreSoglo:TheformerpresidentofBenin,accordingtotheCitiesAlliance'swebsite,beganhisengagementwiththePolicyAdvisoryBoardin2007.[31] MarkHildebrand:TheformerChiefoftheTechnicalCooperationDivisionofUN-HabitatwasalsothemanageroftheCitiesAlliancefrom1999until2006.[32] Accomplishments[edit] TheCitiesAlliancehasbeencreditedwithseveralmajordevelopmentsinthefieldofurbaninnovation,datingfromitsinception."DevelopedwithintheframeworkoftheCitiesAlliance",the"CitiesWithoutSlumsActionPlan",launchedbyNelsonMandela,setanagendaandtargetsforimprovingconditions"ofatleast100millionslumdwellersby2020".[1]Thiswassubsequently"endorsedattheUNMillenniumSummit"andisreflectedinGoal7,Target11oftheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.[33]In2009,basedonitstrackrecord,theCitiesAlliancewasfurtherawardedagrantfromtheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationtocontinueitsworkonslumupgradinginBurkinaFaso,GhanaandUgandathroughitscountryprograms.[18]Ithasalsocreatedanumberofnotableprogrammes,includingseveralurbanforumsanditsLand,ServicesandCitizenshipprogrammes.Thelatter"aimstosupportnationalandlocalpolicydialoguetopromotesustainableurbanisation,ensuretheempowermentoflocalgovernmentsandreinforcetheimportanceofactivecommunityparticipation"byaligning"urbandevelopmenteffortsatthenational,cityandcommunitylevels"inGhanaandVietnam.[34] Membership[edit] TheCitiesAlliancehasabroadrangeofmembersincludinglocalauthorities,nationalgovernments,non-governmentalorganisations,multi-lateralorganisations,privatesectors,foundationandknowledgeinstitutions.Currentandpastmembersinclude: FrenchDevelopmentAgency(AFD) AVSIFoundation(AVSI) BundesministeriumfürwirtschaftlicheZusammenarbeitundEntwicklung(BMZ) Brazil'sMinistérioDasCidades[35] CaixaEconômicaFederal(CAIXA) CommonwealthLocalGovernmentForum(CLGF) TheDepartmentforInternationalDevelopment(DFID)[36] EthiopianMinistryofUrbanDevelopment,HousingandConstruction[37] TheGermanOrganisationforInternationalCooperation(GIZ)[38] HabitatforHumanityInternational[39] HousingandUrbanDevelopmentCoordinatingCouncil(HUDCC) InstituteforHousingandUrbanDevelopmentStudies(IHS) LocalGovernmentsforSustainability(ICLEI) KfW(KfW) LeagueofCitiesofthePhilippines(LCP) TheFrenchMinistryofForeignAffairsandEconomicDevelopment(MAEDI)[40] TheWorldAssociationofMajorMetropolises(Metropolis) DepartmentforInternationalCooperationandPolicySupport(MINVU) NigeriaMinistryofWorks,HousingandUrbanDevelopment[41] RoyalNorwegianMinistryofForeignAffairs OmidyarNetwork StateSecretariatforEconomicAffairs(SECO) SlumDwellersInternational(SDI)[42] SwedishInternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency(SIDA) SouthAfricanDepartmentofHumanSettlements[43] TheFordFoundation[44] UnitedCitiesandLocalGovernments(UCLG)[45] UnitedNationsCapitalDevelopmentFund(UNCDF) UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)[46] UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP) UnitedNationsHumanSettlementsProgramme(UN-Habitat)[47] UnitedNationsChildren'sFund(UNICEF) WomeninInformalEmployment:GlobalizingandOrganizing(WIEGO) WorldBank Furtherreading[edit] CitiesAllianceKnowledgeResources CitiesAllianceCDSToolkit Seealso[edit] SlumDwellersInternational(SDI) Slum Slumupgrading UnitedNationsOfficeforProjectServices(UNOPS) References[edit] ^abDas,Aparna(December2006)."Slumupgradingandwomen'sempowerment:TheexperienceinTitagarh,WestBengal"(PDF).SocialChange.36(4):67–83.doi:10.1177/004908570603600404.S2CID 147388402.Retrieved19February2015. ^abcdMukhija,Vinit(February2006)."Challengesforinternationaldevelopmentplanning:PreliminarylessonsfromthecaseoftheCitiesAlliance".Cities.23(1):56–62.doi:10.1016/j.cities.2005.10.002. ^ab"SupportingLearningCities:ACaseoftheCitiesAlliance"(PDF).uOResearch.UniversityofOttawa.August2012.Retrieved18February2015. ^Li,Jun(2013).Foreignaid,urbanizationandgreencities.Leibniz:EconStor.p. 7.ISBN 978-92-9230-628-1. ^Cohen,Michael(10June2014)."TheCityisMissingintheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals".JournalofHumanDevelopmentandCapabilities:AMulti-DisciplinaryJournalforPeople-CenteredDevelopment.15(2–3):261–274.doi:10.1080/19452829.2014.899564.S2CID 153734189. ^"UNOPStosupporturbandevelopmentpartnership".UNOPS.UnitedNations.17March2013.Retrieved18February2015. ^abFrediani,AlexandreApsan(March2007)."AmartyaSen,theWorldBank,andtheRedressofUrbanPoverty:ABrazilianCaseStudy"(PDF).JournalofHumanDevelopment.8:133–152.CiteSeerX 10.1.1.564.3918.doi:10.1080/14649880601101473.S2CID 14934410.Retrieved18February2015. ^Multiple,UnitedNationsHumanSettlementsProgramme(2003).TheChallengeofSlums-GlobalReportonHumanSettlements2003.NewYork:Earthscan/James&James.pp. 140–145.ISBN 978-1-84407-037-4. ^"UPSCALINGPOVERTY-FOCUSEDCITYDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIESINTHEPHILIPPINES".UN-HabitatRegionalOfficeforAsiaandthePacific.UN-Habitat.Retrieved24February2015. ^Gilbert,Roy(2004).ImprovingtheLivesofthePoorbyInvestinginCities:AnUpdateonthePerformanceoftheWorldBank'sUrbanPortfolio.Washington,DC:TheWorldBank.p. 26.ISBN 978-0-8213-5540-4. ^"Whatisurbanupgrading?".UrbanUpgrading.MIT.2001.Retrieved22February2015. ^Burra,Sundar(April2005)."Towardsapro-poorframeworkforslumupgradinginMumbai,India".SlumUpgrading.17:67–88.doi:10.1177/095624780501700106.S2CID 150366235. ^Malhotra,Mohini(October2003)."Financingherhome,onewallatatime".EnvironmentandUrbanization.15(2):217–228.doi:10.1177/095624780301500211. ^"WB,PhilippinesLaunchFormulationofaNationalSlumUpgradingStrategy".WorldBankNews.19December2011.Retrieved19February2015. ^Baker,JudyL.(2012).ClimateChange,DisasterRisk,andtheUrbanPoor:CitiesBuildingResilienceforaChangingWorld.Washington,DC:TheWorldBank.p. 166.ISBN 978-0-8213-8845-7. ^"CiudadFuturo"(PDF).UCLG.27April2007.Retrieved23February2015. ^Tissington,KateandLaurenRoyston."CreatingaBetterLifeForAllThroughInformalSettlementUpgrading".Afesis-corplan.Archivedfromtheoriginalon23February2015.Retrieved22February2015. ^abcMultiple,WorldBank(2013).GlobalMonitoringReport:Rural-UrbanDynamicsandtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.NewYork,USA:InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank.pp. 115,173.ISBN 978-0-8213-9806-7. ^"COUNTRYPROGRAMMES".CitiesAlliance.2011-08-09.Retrieved19February2015. ^Belsky,EricS.;et al.(November2013)."AdvancingInclusiveandSustainableUrbanDevelopment:CorrectingPlanningFailuresandConnectingCommunitiestoCapital"(PDF).JointCenterforHousingStudiesofHarvardUniversity.Retrieved18February2015.[permanentdeadlink] ^Admin(8May2014)."Knowyourcity:Informationfortransformation.CitiesAlliancenowacceptingapplicationsforCatalyticFund(CATF)".UrbanAfrica.net.Retrieved24February2015. ^"YouthandtheCityFormsFocusofCitiesAllianceCallforProposalstotheCatalyticFund".ZuniaKnowledgeExchange.13March2012.Archivedfromtheoriginalon24February2015.Retrieved24February2015. ^"GOVERNANCE--OLD".CitiesAlliance.2011-08-09.Archivedfromtheoriginalon23February2015.Retrieved23February2015. ^Multiple(2007)."CitiesAllianceAnnualReport"(PDF).CitiesAlliance.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on3March2016.Retrieved22February2015. ^ab"ORGANISATIONALSTRUCTURE:PABFORMERMEMBERS".CitiesAlliance.2011-08-09.Retrieved24February2015. ^"Jean-PierreELONGM'BASSIestleSecrétaireGénéralleCGLUA".GlobalLocalForum.Archivedfromtheoriginalon24February2015.Retrieved23February2015. ^"TheCitiesAlliance"(PDF).IndependentEvaluationGroup.28June2007.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on24February2015.Retrieved23February2015. ^Duarte,RichardWebb(2004)."HOJADEVIDA"(PDF).Cuanto.org.Retrieved24February2015. ^Remo,Michelle(7January2005)."ForAmatong,liberatingworkoverseas".PhilippineDailyInquirer.Retrieved24February2015. ^"SlumupgradingtopstheagendaatBrasiliameeting,September20and21,2007".ZuniaKnowledgeExchange.2007.Archivedfromtheoriginalon24February2015.Retrieved23February2015. ^"CitiesAllianceAnnualReport"(PDF).CitiesAlliance.2007.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on3March2016.Retrieved24February2015. ^"CitiesAllianceAnnualReport"(PDF).CitiesAlliance.2006.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on3March2016.Retrieved24February2015. ^Majale,Michael(2008)."Employmentcreationthroughparticipatoryurbanplanningandslumupgrading:ThecaseofKitale,Kenya".HabitatInternational.32(2):270–282.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2007.08.005. ^PublicAgenda(10June2014)."Prioritisespatialplanninginnationaldev't".GhanaWeb.Retrieved19February2015. ^"BRAZIL".OurMembers.CitiesAlliance.2011-08-09.Retrieved19February2015. ^"DFIDsupporttotheWorldBank/HabitatCitiesAlliance".DFIDProjectRecord.DFID.Archivedfromtheoriginalon20February2015.Retrieved18February2015. ^"ETHIOPIA".OurMembers.CitiesAlliance.2011-08-09.Retrieved18February2015. ^"Ghana".GIZ,GbBH.GIZ,GbBH.Retrieved18February2015. ^"Advocatingforeffectivehousingpoliciesonagloballevel".HabitatWorld.HabitatforHumanityInternational.Retrieved19February2015. ^"FrenchAllianceforCitiesandTerritorialDevelopment"(PDF).FrenchAllianceforCitiesandTerritorialDevelopment.2014.Retrieved19February2015. ^Suleiman,Mustapha(26October2009)."Nigeria:CitiesAllianceApprovesNigerianReport".Retrieved21February2015. ^"Partners".SDINet.SlumdwellersInternational.2014.Retrieved19February2015. ^Ngomba,Teke(2010)."ChallengesofUrbanHousingProvisioninLagosandJohannesburg".AfricaFiles.Archivedfromtheoriginalon4March2016.Retrieved23February2015. ^"CitiesAllianceExecutiveCommittee".UCLGAfrica.7April2014.Retrieved18February2015. ^"UrbanStrategicPlanning".SustainableUrbanDevelopment.UCLG.2014.Retrieved18February2015. ^"UNEP,CitiesAllianceOutlineToolsforIntegratingEnvironmentintoUrbanPlanning".InternationalInstituteforSustainableDevelopment.8April2014.Retrieved23February2015. ^"UnitedNationsHumanSettlementsProgramme(UN-HABITAT)".UNNon-GovernmentalLiaisonService.UnitedNations.Retrieved23February2015. 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