Software as a service - Wikipedia
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Software as a service (SaaS /sæs/) is a software licensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted. Softwareasaservice FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Hostedsoftwareaccessedbysubscription "SaaS"redirectshere.NottobeconfusedwithSecurityasaservice. Thisarticlehasmultipleissues.Pleasehelpimproveitordiscusstheseissuesonthetalkpage.(Learnhowandwhentoremovethesetemplatemessages) Thisarticleneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "Softwareasaservice" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(December2017)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Someofthisarticle'slistedsourcesmaynotbereliable.Pleasehelpthisarticlebylookingforbetter,morereliablesources.Unreliablecitationsmaybechallengedordeleted.(November2020)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) (Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Softwareasaservice(SaaS/sæs/[1])isasoftwarelicensinganddeliverymodelinwhichsoftwareislicensedonasubscriptionbasisandiscentrallyhosted.[2][3]SaaSisalsoknownas"on-demandsoftware"andWeb-based/Web-hostedsoftware.[4] SaaSisconsideredtobepartofcloudcomputing,alongwithinfrastructureasaservice(IaaS),[5]platformasaservice(PaaS),desktopasaservice(DaaS),managedsoftwareasaservice(MSaaS),mobilebackendasaservice(MBaaS),datacenterasaservice(DCaaS),integrationplatformasaservice(iPaaS),andinformationtechnologymanagementasaservice(ITMaaS).[citationneeded] SaaSappsaretypicallyaccessedbyusersusingathinclient,e.g.viaawebbrowser.SaaSbecameacommondeliverymodelformanybusinessapplications,includingofficesoftware,messagingsoftware,payrollprocessingsoftware,DBMSsoftware,managementsoftware,CADsoftware,developmentsoftware,gamification,virtualization,[6]accounting,collaboration,customerrelationshipmanagement(CRM),managementinformationsystems(MIS),enterpriseresourceplanning(ERP),invoicing,fieldservicemanagement,humanresourcemanagement(HRM),talentacquisition,learningmanagementsystems,contentmanagement(CM),geographicinformationsystems(GIS),andservicedeskmanagement.[7] SaaShasbeenincorporatedintothestrategyofnearlyallenterprisesoftwarecompanies.[8][9] Contents 1History 2Distributionandpricing 3Architecture 4VerticalvshorizontalSaaS 5Characteristics 5.1Configurationandcustomization 5.2Acceleratedfeaturedelivery 5.3Openintegrationprotocols 5.4Collaborative(and"social")functionality 5.5OpenSaaS 6Adoptiondrivers 7Adoptionchallenges 7.1Healthcareapplications 8Dataescrow 9Criticism 10Seealso 11References History[edit] Centralizedhostingofbusinessapplicationsdatesbacktothe1960s.Startinginthatdecade,IBMandothermainframecomputerprovidersconductedaservicebureaubusiness,oftenreferredtoastime-sharingorutilitycomputing.Suchservicesincludedofferingcomputingpoweranddatabasestoragetobanksandotherlargeorganizationsfromtheirworldwidedatacenters.[10] TheexpansionoftheInternetduringthe1990sbroughtaboutanewclassofcentralizedcomputing,calledapplicationserviceproviders(ASP).ASPsprovidedbusinesseswiththeserviceofhostingandmanagingspecializedbusinessapplications,toreducecoststhroughcentraladministrationandtheprovider'sspecializationinaparticularbusinessapplication.TwoofthelargestASPswereUSI,whichwasheadquarteredintheWashington,DCarea,andFuturelinkCorporation,headquarteredinIrvine,California.[11] SoftwareasaserviceessentiallyextendstheideaoftheASPmodel.Thetermsoftwareasaservice(SaaS),however,iscommonlyusedinmorespecificsettings: WhilemostinitialASPsfocusedonmanagingandhostingthird-partyindependentsoftwarevendors'software,asof2012[update]SaaSvendorstypicallydevelopandmanagetheirownsoftware.[12] WhereasmanyinitialASPsofferedmoretraditionalclient-serverapplications,whichrequireinstallationofsoftwareonusers'personalcomputers,laterimplementationscanbeWebapplicationswhichonlyrequireawebbrowsertouse.[13] WhereasthesoftwarearchitectureusedbymostinitialASPsmandatedmaintainingaseparateinstanceoftheapplicationforeachbusiness,asof2012[update]SaaSservicescanutilizeamulti-tenantarchitecture,inwhichtheapplicationservesmultiplebusinessesandusers,andpartitionsitsdataaccordingly.[citationneeded] TheacronymfirstappearedinthegoodsandservicesdescriptionofaUSPTOtrademark,filedonSeptember23,1985.[14]DbaaS(Databaseasaservice)hasemergedasasub-varietyofSaaS[15]andisatypeofclouddatabase. MicrosoftreferredtoSaaSas"softwareplusservices"forafewyears.[16] Distributionandpricing[edit] Thecloud(orSaaS)modelhasnophysicalneedforindirectdistributionbecauseitisnotdistributedphysicallyandisdeployedalmostinstantaneously,therebynegatingtheneedfortraditionalpartnersandmiddlemen.Unliketraditionalsoftware,whichisconventionallysoldasaperpetuallicensewithanup-frontcost(andanoptionalongoingsupportfee),SaaSprovidersgenerallypriceapplicationsusingasubscriptionfee,mostcommonlyamonthlyfeeoranannualfee.[17]Consequently,theinitialsetupcostforSaaSistypicallylowerthantheequivalententerprisesoftware.SaaSvendorstypicallypricetheirapplicationsbasedonsomeusageparameters,suchasthenumberofusersusingtheapplication.However,becauseinaSaaSenvironmentcustomers'dataresidewiththeSaaSvendor,opportunitiesalsoexisttochargepertransaction,event,orotherunitsofvalue,suchasthenumberofprocessorsrequired.[18] Therelativelylowcostforuserprovisioning(i.e.,settingupanewcustomer)inamulti-tenantenvironmentenablessomeSaaSvendorstoofferapplicationsusingthefreemiummodel.[18]Inthismodel,afreeserviceismadeavailablewithlimitedfunctionalityorscope,andfeesarechargedforenhancedfunctionalityorlargerscope.[18] AkeydriverofSaaSgrowthisSaaSvendors'abilitytoprovideapricethatiscompetitivewithon-premisessoftware.ThisisconsistentwiththetraditionalrationaleforoutsourcingITsystems,whichinvolvesapplyingeconomiesofscaletoapplicationoperation,i.e.,anoutsideserviceprovidermaybeabletoofferbetter,cheaper,morereliableapplications.[19] Architecture[edit] MostSaaSprovidersofferamulti-tenantarchitecture.Withthismodel,asingleversionoftheapplication,withasingleconfiguration(hardware,network,operatingsystem),isusedforallcustomers("tenants").Tosupportscalability,theapplicationcanbeinstalledonmultiplemachines(calledhorizontalscaling).Insomecases,asecondversionoftheapplicationissetuptoofferaselectgroupofcustomersaccesstopre-releaseversionsoftheapplications(e.g.,abetaversion)fortestingpurposes.Thisiscontrastedwithtraditionalsoftware,wheremultiplephysicalcopiesofthesoftware—eachpotentiallyofadifferentversion,withapotentiallydifferentconfiguration,andoftencustomized—areinstalledacrossvariouscustomersites.[20] Althoughanexceptionratherthanthenorm,someSaaSprovidersdonotusemultitenancyoruseothermechanisms—suchasvirtualization—tocost-effectivelymanagealargenumberofcustomersinplaceofmultitenancy.[21]Whethermultitenancyisanecessarycomponentforsoftwareasaserviceisdebatable.[22] VerticalvshorizontalSaaS[edit] HorizontalSaaSandverticalSaaSaredifferentmodelsofcloudcomputingservices.[23]HorizontalSaaStargetsabroadvarietyofcustomers,generallywithoutregardtotheirindustry.SomepopularexamplesofhorizontalSaaSvendorsareSalesforceandHubSpot.VerticalSaaS,ontheotherhand,referstoanichemarkettargetinganarrowervarietyofcustomerstomeettheirspecificrequirements. Characteristics[edit] Althoughnotallsoftware-as-a-serviceapplicationsshareallthefollowingtraits,thecharacteristicsbelowarecommonamongmanyofthem: Configurationandcustomization[edit] SaaSapplicationssimilarlysupportwhatistraditionallyknownasapplicationconfiguration.Inotherwords,liketraditionalenterprisesoftware,asinglecustomercanalterthesetofconfigurationoptions(a.k.a.parameters)thataffectitsfunctionalityandlook-and-feel.Eachcustomermayhaveitsownsettings(or:parametervalues)fortheconfigurationoptions.Theapplicationcanbecustomizedtothedegreeitwasdesignedforbasedonasetofpredefinedconfigurationoptions.[24] Forexample,tosupportcustomers'commonneedtochangeanapplication'slook-and-feelsothattheapplicationappearstobehavingthecustomer'sbrand(or—ifsodesired—co-branded),manySaaSapplicationsletcustomersprovide(throughaself-serviceinterfaceorbyworkingwithapplicationproviderstaff)acustomlogoandsometimesasetofcustomcolors.Thecustomercannot,however,changethepagelayoutunlesssuchanoptionwasdesigned.[citationneeded] Acceleratedfeaturedelivery[edit] SaaSapplicationsareoftenupdatedmorefrequentlythantraditionalsoftware,[25]inmanycasesonaweeklyormonthlybasis.Thisisenabledbyseveralfactors: Theapplicationishostedcentrally,soanupdateisdecidedandexecutedbytheprovider,notbycustomers. Theapplicationonlyhasasingleconfiguration,makingdevelopmenttestingfaster. Theapplicationvendordoesnothavetoexpendresourcesupdatingandmaintainingbackdatedversionsofthesoftware,becausethereisonlyasingleversion. Theapplicationvendorhasaccesstoallcustomerdata,expeditingdesignandregressiontesting. Theserviceproviderhasaccesstouserbehaviorwithintheapplication(usuallyviawebanalytics),makingiteasiertoidentifyareasworthyofimprovement. Acceleratedfeaturedeliveryisfurtherenabledbyagilesoftwaredevelopmentmethodologies.[26]Suchmethodologies,whichhaveevolvedinthemid-1990s,provideasetofsoftwaredevelopmenttoolsandpracticestosupportfrequentsoftwarereleases. Openintegrationprotocols[edit] BecauseSaaSapplicationscannotaccessacompany'sinternalsystems(databasesorinternalservices),theypredominantlyofferintegrationprotocolsandapplicationprogramminginterfaces(APIs)thatoperateoverawideareanetwork.[27] TheubiquityofSaaSapplicationsandotherInternetservicesandthestandardizationoftheirAPItechnologyhasspawnedthedevelopmentofmashups,whicharelightweightapplicationsthatcombinedata,presentation,andfunctionalityfrommultipleservices,creatingacompoundservice.MashupsfurtherdifferentiateSaaSapplicationsfromon-premisessoftwareasthelattercannotbeeasilyintegratedoutsideacompany'sfirewall. Collaborative(and"social")functionality[edit] Inspiredbythedevelopmentofthedifferentinternetnetworkingservicesandtheso-calledweb2.0functionality,manySaaSapplicationsofferfeaturesthatlettheiruserscollaborateandshareinformation. Forexample,manyprojectmanagementapplicationsdeliveredintheSaaSmodeloffer—inadditiontotraditionalprojectplanningfunctionality—collaborationfeatureslettinguserscommentontasksandplansandsharedocumentswithinandoutsideanorganization.SeveralotherSaaSapplicationsletusersvoteonandoffernewfeatureideas. Althoughsomecollaboration-relatedfunctionalityisalsointegratedintoon-premisessoftware,(implicitorexplicit)collaborationbetweenusersordifferentcustomersisonlypossiblewithcentrallyhostedsoftware. OpenSaaS[edit] OpenSaaSreferstosoftwareasaservice(SaaS)basedonopen-sourcecode.SimilartoSaaSapplications,OpenSaaSisaweb-basedapplicationthatishosted,supported,andmaintainedbyaserviceprovider.WhiletheroadmapforOpenSaaSapplicationsisdefinedbyitscommunityofusers,upgradesandproductenhancementsaremanagedbyacentralprovider.Thetermwascoinedin2011byDriesBuytaert,creatoroftheDrupalcontentmanagementframework.[28] AndrewHoppin,aformerChiefInformationOfficerfortheNewYorkStateSenate,hasbeenavocaladvocateofOpenSaaSforgovernment,callingit"thefutureofgovernmentinnovation."HepointstoWordPressandWhyUnifiedasasuccessfulexampleofanOpenSaaSsoftwaredeliverymodelthatgivescustomers"thebestofbothworlds,andmoreoptions.Thefactthatitisopensourcemeansthattheycanstartbuildingtheirwebsitesbyself-hostingWordPressandcustomizingtheirwebsitetotheirheart’scontent.Concurrently,thefactthatWordPressisSaaSmeansthattheydon’thavetomanagethewebsiteatall--theycansimplypayWordPress.comtohostit."[29] Adoptiondrivers[edit] SeveralimportantchangestothesoftwaremarketandtechnologylandscapehavefacilitatedtheacceptanceandgrowthofSaaS: Thegrowinguseofweb-baseduserinterfacesbyapplications,alongwiththeproliferationofassociatedpractices(e.g.,webdesign),continuouslydecreasedtheneedfortraditionalclient-serverapplications.Consequently,traditionalsoftwarevendor'sinvestmentinsoftwarebasedonfatclientshasbecomeadisadvantage(mandatingongoingsupport),openingthedoorfornewsoftwarevendors'offeringauserexperienceperceivedasmore"modern". Thestandardizationofwebpagetechnologies(HTML,JavaScript,CSS),theincreasingpopularityofwebdevelopmentasapractice,andtheintroductionandubiquityofwebapplicationframeworkslikeRubyonRailsorLaravel(PHP)graduallyreducedthecostofdevelopingnewsoftwareservicesandenablednewproviderstochallengetraditionalvendors. TheincreasingpenetrationofbroadbandInternetaccessenabledremotecentrallyhostedapplicationstoofferspeedcomparabletoon-premisessoftware. ThestandardizationoftheHTTPSprotocolaspartofthewebstackprovideduniversallyavailablelightweightsecuritythatissufficientformosteverydayapplications. TheintroductionandwideacceptanceoflightweightintegrationprotocolssuchasRepresentationalStateTransfer(REST)andSOAPenabledaffordableintegrationbetweenSaaSapplications(residinginthecloud)withinternalapplicationsoverwideareanetworksandwithotherSaaSapplications. Adoptionchallenges[edit] SomelimitationsslowdowntheacceptanceofSaaSandprohibititfrombeingusedinsomecases: Becausedataisstoredonthevendor'sservers,datasecuritybecomesanissue.[30][31] SaaSapplicationsarehostedinthecloud,farawayfromtheapplicationusers.Thisintroduceslatencyintotheenvironment;forexample,theSaaSmodelisnotsuitableforapplicationsthatdemandresponsetimesinmilliseconds(OLTP). Multi-tenantarchitectures,whichdrivecostefficiencyforserviceproviders,limitcustomizationofapplicationsforlargeclients,inhibitingsuchapplicationsfrombeingusedinscenarios(applicablemostlytolargeenterprises)forwhichsuchcustomizationisnecessary. Somebusinessapplicationsrequireaccesstoorintegrationwithcustomers'currentdata.Whensuchdataarelargeinvolumeorsensitive(e.g.end-user'spersonalinformation),integratingthemwithremotelyhostedsoftwarecanbecostlyorrisky,orcanconflictwithdatagovernanceregulations. Constitutionalsearch/seizurewarrantlawsdonotprotectallformsofSaaSdynamicallystoreddata.Theresultisthatalinkisaddedtothechainofsecuritywhereaccesstothedata,and,byextension,misuseofthesedata,arelimitedonlybytheassumedhonestyofthirdpartiesorgovernmentagenciesabletoaccessthedataontheirrecognizance.[32][33][34][35] SwitchingSaaSvendorsmayinvolvetheslowanddifficulttaskoftransferringverylargedatafilesovertheInternet. OrganizationsthatadoptSaaSmayfindtheyareforcedintoadoptingnewversions,whichmightresultinunforeseentrainingcosts,anincreaseintheprobabilitythatausermightmakeanerrororinstabilityfrombugsinthenewersoftware. ShouldthevendorofthesoftwaregooutofbusinessorsuddenlyEOLthesoftware,theusermayloseaccesstotheirsoftwareunexpectedly,whichcoulddestabilizetheirorganization'scurrentandfutureprojects,aswellasleavetheuserwitholderdatatheycannolongeraccessormodify. RelyingonanInternetconnectionmeansthatdataistransferredtoandfromaSaaSfirmatInternetspeeds,ratherthanthepotentiallyhigherspeedsofafirm'sinternalnetwork.[36] TheAbilityoftheSaaShostingcompanytoguaranteetheuptimelevelagreedintheSLA(ServiceLevelAgreement) Thestandardmodelalsohaslimitations: Compatibilitywithhardware,othersoftware,andoperatingsystems.[37] Licensingandcomplianceproblems(unauthorizedcopiesofthesoftwareprogramputtingtheorganizationatriskoffinesorlitigation). Maintenance,support,andpatchrevisionprocesses. Healthcareapplications[edit] AccordingtoasurveybytheHealthcareInformationandManagementSystemsSociety,83%ofUSIThealthcareorganizationsarenowusingcloudserviceswith9.3%planningto,whereas67%ofIThealthcareorganizationsarecurrentlyrunningSaaS-basedapplications.[38] Dataescrow[edit] Softwareasaservicedataescrowistheprocessofkeepingacopyofcriticalsoftware-as-a-serviceapplicationdatawithanindependentthirdparty.Similartosourcecodeescrow,wherecriticalsoftwaresourcecodeisstoredwithanindependentthirdparty,SaaSdataescrowappliesthesamelogictothedatawithinaSaaSapplication.ItallowscompaniestoprotectandensureallthedatathatresideswithinSaaSapplications,protectingagainstdataloss.[39] TherearemanyandvariedreasonsforconsideringSaaSdataescrowincludingconcernsaboutvendorbankruptcy,[40][41]unplannedserviceoutages,andpotentialdatalossorcorruption. ManybusinesseseitherensurethattheyarecomplyingwiththeirdatagovernancestandardsortrytoenhancetheirreportingandbusinessanalyticsagainsttheirSaaSdata. Criticism[edit] OnenotablecriticismofSaaScomesfromRichardStallmanoftheFreeSoftwareFoundation,whoreferstoitasServiceasaSoftwareSubstitute(SaaSS).[42]HeconsiderstheuseofSaaSStobeaviolationoftheprinciplesoffreesoftware.[43]AccordingtoStallman: WithSaaSS,theusersdonothaveeventheexecutablefilethatdoestheircomputing:itisonsomeoneelse'sserver,wheretheuserscan'tseeortouchit.Thusitisimpossibleforthemtoascertainwhatitreallydoes,andimpossibletochangeit. Seealso[edit] Applicationsecurity Applicationserviceprovider Cloud-basedintegration Listof'asaservice'servicetypes Servicizing Subscriptioncomputing References[edit] ^Panker,Jon;Lewis,Mark;Fahey,Evan;Vasquez,MelvinJafet(August2007)."HowdoyoupronounceIT?".TechTarget.Retrieved24May2012. ^Turner,Brian."WhatisSaaS?EverythingyouneedtoknowaboutSoftwareasaService".TechRadar.Retrieved4August2020. ^"DefinitionofSoftwareasaService(SaaS)-GartnerInformationTechnologyGlossary".Gartner.Retrieved4August2020. ^"WhatisSoftwareasaService(SaaS):ABeginner'sGuide-Salesforce".Salesforce.com.Retrieved2018-09-27. ^Chai,Wesley;Casey,Kathleen."WhatisSaaS(SoftwareasaService)?EverythingYouNeedtoKnow".TechTarget.Retrieved2022-03-24. ^"ITChannelGlossary".CompuBase.March2013.Retrieved13February2013. ^"Saasstartupideas".Startup.24June2021. ^"IBMcloudstrategy".www.ibm.com.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2015-03-13. ^Fox,A.;Patterson,D.(3Jan2014).EngineeringSoftwareasaService:AnAgileApproachUsingCloudComputing.StrawberryCanyonLLC.ASIN B00CCEHNUM. ^OECD(2015-10-05).OECD/G20BaseErosionandProfitShiftingProjectAddressingtheTaxChallengesoftheDigitalEconomy,Action1-2015FinalReport.OECDPublishing.ISBN 978-92-64-24104-6. ^Gaw,Jonathan(Oct20,1999)."LadouceurNamedCEOofFutureLink".LosAngelesTimes. ^Software,Services."SoftwareasaService(SaaS)". ^"WhatisSaaS(SoftwareasaService)?EverythingYouNeedtoKnow".SearchCloudComputing. ^"USPTOServiceMark".Alexandria,VA:USPTO.{{citejournal}}:Citejournalrequires|journal=(help) ^ Ferrari,Elena(2010).AccessControlinDataManagementSystems.SynthesisLecturesonDataManagement.Morgan&ClaypoolPublishers.p. 77.ISBN 978-1-60845-375-7.Retrieved2012-02-13.[...]anewemergingoptionisrepresentedbytheDatabaseasaService(DbaaS)paradigm[...].DbaaSisregulatedbythesameprinciplesasSoftwareasaService(SaaS)andbasicallymeansthedeliveryofthetypicalfunctionalitiesofadatabasemanagementsysteminthecloud. ^"Microsoftdescribessoftwareplusservices".InfoWorld.26July2007.Retrieved7February2017. ^Levinson,Meridith(2007-05-15)."SoftwareasaService(SaaS)DefinitionandSolutions".CIO.Retrieved2015-03-24. ^abcByronDeeterandRyanJung(July2013)."SoftwareasaServicePricingStrategies"(PDF). ^"Buildvs.Buy:HowtoKnowWhentoBuySoftwareorBuildItYourself".Business2Community.Retrieved2020-02-22. ^Hacigümüş,Hakan;Balakrishna,R.Iyer;Chen,Li;Mehrotra,S.(2002).ExecutingSQLoverencrypteddatainthedatabase-service-providermodel.Proceedingsofthe2002ACMSIGMODInternationalConferenceonManagementofData.pp. 216–227.CiteSeerX 10.1.1.64.8974.doi:10.1145/564691.564717.ISBN 978-1581134971.S2CID 6241358. ^Wainewright,Phil(19October2007)."Workstreamprefersvirtualizationtomulti-tenancy".ZDNet(WorldWideWeblog).CBSInteractive.Retrieved22January2016. ^Carraro,Gianpaolo(21June2008)."Ican'tbelievewearestilltalkingaboutwhethersaas==multi-tenancy..."MSDevelopernetwork(blog).Microsoft.Retrieved24April2011. ^Muppidathi,Anbu(July10,2020)."HorizontaltoVerticaltoMicro-SaaS".Forbes. ^GroovyWeb."SaasDevelopment".GroovyWeb.Retrieved7Sep2021. ^Creese,Guy(18May2010)."SaaSvs.Software:TheReleaseCycleforSaaSIsUsually(NotAlways)Faster".Blog.Gartner.Retrieved24April2011. ^Kuhnen,Eric(8January2008)."JumpingtoSaaS?TakeAgileSoftwareDevelopmentAlongwithYou".DevX.QuinStreet.Retrieved24April2011. ^Dulin,Oleg(15December2015)."3setsofAPIsyourSaaSplatformneeds".InfoWorld.Retrieved4August2020. ^Buytaert,Dries(24January2011)."Acquiaproductstrategyandvision".DriesBuytaertweblog.Retrieved5October2014. ^Hoppin,Andrew(9January2014)."OpenSaaSandthefutureofgovernmentinnovation".OpenSource.com.Retrieved21September2014. ^Lisserman,Miroslaw(20December2010)."SaaSAndTheEverlastingSecurityConcerns".Community.ForresterResearch.Retrieved24April2011. ^Landsberg,Alicia(2020-09-18)."SecurityforSaaSapplicationsstartswithcollaboration".TechTarget.Retrieved2022-03-24. ^Arthur,Charles(2010-12-14)."Google'sChromeOSmeanslosingcontrolofthedata,warnsGNUfounderRichardStallman".TheGuardian.UK.Retrieved2012-02-16. ^Adhikari,Richard(2010-12-15)."WhyRichardStallmanTakesNoShinetoChrome".LinuxInsider.Retrieved2015-03-24. ^Stallman,Richard(2011-09-20)."Whodoesthatserverreallyserve?".BostonReview.GNUProject.Retrieved15January2012. ^Hill,BenjaminMako(1Feb2009)."ShowMetheCode".RevealingErrors.Retrieved15January2012. ^Gallaugher,John."InformationSystems:AManager'sGuidetoHarnessingTechnology".Catalog.FlatWorldKnowledge.Retrieved2012-04-21. ^"CloudSoftwareasaService(SaaS)inCloudComputing.Thisisnotright.Services".CloudComputingSec.2011.Retrieved2011-12-15. ^"2014HIMSSAnalyticsCloudSurvey"(PDF).HealthcareInformationandManagementSystemsSociety.June2014.Retrieved22November2020–viaAmazonWebServices. ^Wilson,DeborahR;BonaPart,Alexa(7August2009)."DevelopaFrameworkforSaaSApplicationBusinessContinuityRiskMitigation".Gartner.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonMarch8,2013.Retrieved24April2011. ^May,Richard."SoftwareEscrowwhitepaper"(PDF).UK:VirtualDCS. ^"SoftwareEscrow:IsEscrowdead?".2012-06-14.Retrieved2016-09-06. ^Stallman,Richard."Whodoesthatserverreallyserve?".GNU.org.TheFreeSoftwareFoundation.Retrieved2015-03-24. ^Stallman,Richard(18March2010)."WhoDoesThatServerReallyServe?".BostonReview.Retrieved6July2013. vteSoftwaredistributionLicenses Beerware Floatinglicensing Freeandopen-source Free Opensource Freelyredistributable Proprietary Publicdomain Source-available Compensationmodels Adware Commercialsoftware Retailsoftware Crippleware Crowdfunding Freemium Freeware Paywhatyouwant Careware Donationware Open-coremodel Postcardware Shareware Nagware Deliverymethods Digitaldistribution Filesharing On-premises Pre-installed Productbundling Retailsoftware Sneakernet Softwareasaservice Deceptiveand/orillicit Unwantedsoftwarebundling Malware Spyware Trojanhorse Worm Ransomware Scareware Shovelware Vaporware list Softwarereleaselifecycle Abandonware End-of-life Long-termsupport Softwaremaintenance Softwaremaintainer Softwarepublisher Copyprotection Digitalrightsmanagement Softwareprotectiondongle Hardwarerestrictions Licensemanager Productactivation Productkey Softwarecopyright Softwarepatent Torrentpoisoning vteCloudcomputingAsaservice Contentasaservice Dataasaservice Desktopasaservice Functionasaservice Infrastructureasaservice Integrationplatformasaservice Mobilebackendasaservice Networkasaservice Platformasaservice Securityasaservice Softwareasaservice Technologies Clouddatabase Cloudstorage Datacenters Distributedfilesystemforcloud Hardwarevirtualization Internet Nativecloudapplication Networking Security Structuredstorage Virtualappliance WebAPIs Virtualprivatecloud Applications Box Dropbox Google Workspace Drive HPCloud(closed) IBMCloud Microsoft Office365 OneDrive Nextcloud OracleCloud Rackspace Salesforce Workday Zoho Platforms AlibabaCloud AmazonWebServices AppScale Box Bluemix CloudBolt CloudFoundry Cocaine(PaaS) Creatio EngineYard Helion GEPredix GoogleAppEngine GreenQloud Heroku IBMCloud Inktank Jelastic MicrosoftAzure MindSphere Netlify OracleCloud OutSystems openQRM OpenShift PythonAnywhere RightScale Scalr Force.com SAPCloudPlatform Splunk VMwarevCloudAir WaveMaker Infrastructure AlibabaCloud AmazonWebServices AbiquoEnterpriseEdition CloudStack CitrixCloud CtrlS DigitalOcean EMCAtmos Eucalyptus Fujitsu GoogleCloudPlatform GreenButton GreenQloud IBMCloud iland Joyent Linode Lunacloud MicrosoftAzure Mirantis Netlify Nimbula Nimbus OpenIO OpenNebula OpenStack OracleCloud OrionVM RackspaceCloud SafeSwissCloud Zadara libvirt libguestfs OVirt VirtualMachineManager Wakame-vdc VirtualPrivateCloudOnDemand Category Commons Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Software_as_a_service&oldid=1082325732" 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