Wikipedia:Consensus

In determining consensus, consider the quality of the arguments, the history of how they came about, the objections of those who disagree, and existing policies ... Wikipedia:Consensus FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch "WP:CON"redirectshere;youmaybelookingforWP:Conflictofinterest,Help:Editconflict,WikiConvention/ConferenceorWP:WikiProjectContainers. ThispagedocumentsanEnglishWikipediapolicy.Itdescribesawidelyacceptedstandardthatalleditorsshouldnormallyfollow.Changesmadetoitshouldreflectconsensus.ShortcutsWP:CONWP:CONS Thispageinanutshell:ConsensusisWikipedia'sfundamentalmodelforeditorialdecisionmaking,andismarkedbyaddressinglegitimateconcernsheldbyeditorsthroughaprocessofcompromisewhilefollowingWikipediapolicies. Conductpolicies Blockevasion Civility Cleanstart Consensus Disputeresolution Editwarring Editingpolicy Harassment Nopersonalattacks Ownershipofcontent Sockpuppetry Usernamepolicy Vandalism vte DecisionsonWikipediaareprimarilymadebyconsensus,whichisacceptedasthebestmethodtoachieveWikipedia'sgoals,i.e.,thefivepillars.ConsensusonWikipediadoesnotmeanunanimity(whichisidealbutnotalwaysachievable),norisittheresultofavote.Decisionmakingandreachingconsensusinvolveanefforttoincorporatealleditors'legitimateconcerns,whilerespectingWikipedia'spoliciesandguidelines. ThispolicydescribeshowconsensusisunderstoodonWikipedia,howtodeterminewhetherithasbeenachieved(andhowtoproceedifithasnot),anddescribesexceptionstotheprinciplethatalldecisionsaremadebyconsensus. Contents 1Achievingconsensus 1.1Throughediting 1.2Throughdiscussion 1.3Consensus-building 1.3.1Intalkpages 1.3.2Bysolicitingoutsideopinions 1.3.3Administrativeorcommunityintervention 1.3.4Pitfallsanderrors 2Determiningconsensus 2.1Levelsofconsensus 2.2Noconsensus 3Consensuscanchange 4Decisionsnotsubjecttoconsensusofeditors 5Seealso Achievingconsensus ShortcutWP:CONACHIEVE Editorsusuallyreachconsensusasanaturalprocess.Afteronechangesapage,otherswhoreaditcanchoosewhetherornottofurtheredit.Wheneditorsdonotreachagreementbyediting,discussionontheassociatedtalkpagescontinuestheprocesstowardconsensus. Aconsensusdecisiontakesintoaccountalloftheproperconcernsraised.Ideally,itarriveswithanabsenceofobjections,butoftenwemustsettleforaswideanagreementascanbereached.Whenthereisnowideagreement,consensus-buildinginvolvesadaptingtheproposaltobringindissenterswithoutlosingthosewhoacceptedtheinitialproposal. Throughediting "WP:EDITCON"redirectshere.NottobeconfusedwithHelp:Editconflict. Furtherinformation:Wikipedia:EditingpolicyandWikipedia:Bebold ShortcutsWP:EDITCONWP:EDITCONSENSUSWP:IMPLICITCONSENSUS Asimplifieddiagramofhowconsensusisreached.Whenaneditismade,othereditorsmayeitheracceptit,changeit,orrevertit.Seekacompromisemeans"attempttofindagenerallyacceptablesolution",eitherthroughcontinuededitingorthroughdiscussion. Wikipediaconsensususuallyoccursimplicitly.Anedithaspresumedconsensusunlessitisdisputedorreverted.Shouldanothereditorrevisethateditthentheneweditwillhavepresumedconsensusunlessitmeetswithdisagreement.Inthisway,theencyclopediagraduallyimprovesovertime. Alleditsshouldbeexplained(unlessthereasonforthemisobvious)—eitherbycleareditsummaries,orbydiscussionontheassociatedtalkpage.Substantive,informativeexplanationsindicatewhatissuesneedtobeaddressedinsubsequenteffortstoreachconsensus.Explanationsareespeciallyimportantwhenrevertinganothereditor'sgoodfaithwork. Exceptincasesaffectedbycontentpoliciesorguidelines,mostdisputesovercontentmayberesolvedthroughminorchangesratherthantakinganall-or-nothingposition.Ifyourfirsteditisreverted,trytothinkofacompromiseeditthataddressestheothereditor'sconcerns.Ifyoucan't,orifyoudoandyoursecondeditisreverted,createanewsectionontheassociatedtalkpagetodiscussthedispute. Bebold,butnotrash.Whetherchangescomethrougheditingorthroughdiscussion,theencyclopediaisbestimprovedthroughcollaborationandconsensus,notthroughcombatandcapitulation.RepeatedreversionsarecontrarytoWikipediapolicyunderEditwarring,exceptforspecificpolicy-basedmaterial(suchasBLPexceptions)andforreversionsofvandalism.Editsummariesareuseful,butdonottrytodiscussdisputesacrossmultipleeditsummaries;thatisgenerallyviewedaseditwarringandmayincursanctions. Throughdiscussion ShortcutWP:DISCUSSCONSENSUS Furtherinformation:Wikipedia:BOLD,revert,discusscycle Whenagreementcannotbereachedthrougheditingalone,theconsensus-formingprocessbecomesmoreexplicit:editorsopenasectionontheassociatedtalkpageandtrytoworkoutthedisputethroughdiscussion,usingreasonsbasedinpolicy,sources,andcommonsense;theycanalsosuggestalternativesolutionsorcompromisesthatmaysatisfyallconcerns.Theresultmightbeanagreementthatdoesnotsatisfyanyonecompletely,butthatallrecognizeasareasonablesolution.ConsensusisanongoingprocessonWikipedia;itisoftenbettertoacceptaless-than-perfectcompromise—withtheunderstandingthatthepageisgraduallyimproving—thantotrytofighttoimplementaparticularpreferredversionimmediately. Wheneditorshaveaparticularlydifficulttimereachingaconsensus,severalprocessesareavailableforconsensus-building(thirdopinions,disputeresolutionnoticeboard,requestsforcomment),andevenmoreextremeprocessesthatwilltakeauthoritativestepstoendthedispute(administratorintervention,arbitration).Keepinmind,however,thatadministratorsareprimarilyconcernedwithpolicyandeditorbehaviorandwillnotdecidecontentissuesauthoritatively.Theymayblockeditorsforbehaviorsthatinterferewiththeconsensusprocess(suchasedit-warring,abuseofmultipleaccounts,oralackofcivility).Theymayalsomakedecisionsaboutwhethereditsareorarenotallowableunderpolicy,butwillnotusuallygobeyondsuchactions. Consensus-building Furtherinformation:Wikipedia:Disputeresolution Editorswhomaintainaneutral,detached,andcivilattitudecanusuallyreachconsensusonanarticlethroughtheprocessdescribedabove.Theymaystilloccasionallyfindthemselvesatanimpasse,eitherbecausetheycannotfindrationalgroundstosettleadisputeorbecauseoneorbothsidesofthediscussionbecomeemotionallyorideologicallyinvestedinwinninganargument.Whatfollowsaresuggestionsforresolvingintractabledisputes,alongwithdescriptionsofseveralformalandinformalprocessesthatmayhelp. Intalkpages ShortcutWP:TALKDONTREVERT Seealso:Wikipedia:Talkpageguidelines Indeterminingconsensus,considerthequalityofthearguments,thehistoryofhowtheycameabout,theobjectionsofthosewhodisagree,andexistingpoliciesandguidelines.Thequalityofanargumentismoreimportantthanwhetheritrepresentsaminorityoramajorityview.Thearguments"Ijustdon'tlikeit"and"Ijustlikeit"usuallycarrynoweightwhatsoever. Limitarticletalkpagediscussionstodiscussionofsources,articlefocus,andpolicy.Ifaneditischallenged,orislikelytobechallenged,editorsshouldusetalkpagestoexplainwhyanaddition,change,orremovalimprovesthearticle,andhencetheencyclopedia.Consensuscanbeassumedifnoeditorsobjecttoachange.Editorswhoignoretalkpagediscussionsyetcontinuetoeditinorrevertdisputedmaterial,orwhostonewalldiscussions,maybeguiltyofdisruptiveeditingandincursanctions.Consensuscannotalwaysbeassumedsimplybecauseeditorsstoprespondingtotalkpagediscussionsinwhichtheyhavealreadyparticipated. Thegoalofaconsensus-buildingdiscussionistoresolvedisputesinawaythatreflectsWikipedia'sgoalsandpolicieswhileangeringasfeweditorsaspossible.Editorswithgoodsocialskillsandgoodnegotiationskillsaremorelikelytobesuccessfulthanthosewhoarelessthanciviltoothers. Bysolicitingoutsideopinions Whentalkpagediscussionsfail—generallybecausetwoeditors(ortwogroupsofeditors)simplycannotseeeyetoeyeonanissue—Wikipediahasseveralestablishedprocessestoattractoutsideeditorstoofferopinions.Thisisoftenusefultobreaksimple,good-faithdeadlocks,becauseuninvolvededitorscanbringinfreshperspectives,andcanhelpinvolvededitorsseemiddlegroundthattheycannotseeforthemselves.Themainresourcesforthisareasfollows: Thirdopinion(3O) Aneutralthirdpartywillgivenon-bindingadviceonthedispute.Reservedforcaseswhereexactlytwoeditorsareindispute. Noticeboards Mostpolicyandguidelinepages,andmanywikiprojects,havenoticeboardsforinterestededitors.Postinganeutrallywordednoticeofthedisputeonapplicablenoticeboardswillmakethedisputemorevisibletoothereditorswhomayhaveworthwhileopinions. Disputeresolutionnoticeboard(DRN) Fordisputesinvolvingmorethantwoparties,moderatorshelpthepartiescometoconsensusbysuggestinganalysis,critiques,compromises,ormediation,butgenerallylimitedtosimpledisputeswhichcanquicklyberesolved. Requestsforcomment(RfC) PlacementofaformalneutrallywordednoticeonthearticletalkpageinvitingotherstoparticipatewhichistranscludedontoRfCnoticeboards. Villagepump Neutrallywordednotificationofadisputeherealsomaybringinadditionaleditorswhomayhelp. Manyofthesediscussionswillinvolvepollsofonesortoranother;butasconsensusisdeterminedbythequalityofarguments(notbyasimplecountedmajority),pollsshouldberegardedasstructureddiscussionsratherthanvoting.ResponsesindicatingindividualexplanationsofpositionsusingWikipediapoliciesandguidelinesaregiventhehighestweight. Administrativeorcommunityintervention ShortcutWP:CONADMIN Insomecases,disputesarepersonalorideologicalratherthanmeredisagreementsaboutcontent,andthesemayrequiretheinterventionofadministratorsorthecommunityasawhole.Sysopswillnotruleoncontent,butmayintervenetoenforcepolicy(suchasWP:Biographiesoflivingpersons)ortoimposesanctionsoneditorswhoaredisruptingtheconsensusprocess.Sometimesmerelyaskingforanadministrator'sattentiononatalkpagewillsuffice;asarule,sysopshavelargenumbersofpageswatchlisted,andthereisalikelihoodthatsomeonewillseeitandrespond.However,thereareestablishedresourcesforworkingwithintransigenteditors,asfollows: Noticeboards Asnotedpreviously,policypagesgenerallyhavenoticeboards,andmanyadministratorswatchthem. Administrators'noticeboardofincidentsandgeneralAdministrators'noticeboard Thesearenoticeboardsforadministrators.Theyarehigh-volumenoticeboardsandshouldbeusedsparingly.UseANforissuesthatneedeyesbutmaynotneedimmediateaction;useANIformorepressingissues.Donotuseeitherexceptatneed. Requestsforarbitration Thefinalstepforintractabledisputes.TheArbitrationCommittee(ArbCom)mayruleonalmostanybehavioralorpolicy-interpretationaspectofadispute,andhasbroadpowersinitsdecisions.ArbComdoesnotsettlecontentdisputesorchangepolicy. Pitfallsanderrors Thefollowingarecommonmistakesmadebyeditorswhentryingtobuildconsensus: Off-wikidiscussions.Consensusisreachedthroughon-wikidiscussionorbyediting.Discussionselsewherearenottakenintoaccount.Insomecases,suchoff-wikicommunicationmaygeneratesuspicionandmistrust. Canvassing,sockpuppetry,andmeatpuppetry.Anyefforttogatherparticipantstoacommunitydiscussionthathastheeffectofbiasingthatdiscussionisunacceptable.Whileitisfine—evenencouraged—toinvitepeopleintoadiscussiontoobtainnewinsightsandarguments,itisnotacceptabletoinviteonlypeoplefavorabletoaparticularpointofview,ortoinvitepeopleinawaythatwillprejudicetheiropinionsonthematter.Usinganalternativepersona("sockpuppet",or"sock")toinfluenceconsensusisabsolutelyforbidden.Neutral,informativemessagestoWikipedianoticeboards,wikiprojects,oreditorsarepermitted;butactionsthatcouldreasonablybeinterpretedasanattemptto"stufftheballotbox"orotherwisecompromisetheconsensus-buildingprocessareconsidereddisruptive. Tendentiousediting.Thecontinuous,aggressivepursuitofaneditorialgoalisconsidereddisruptive,andshouldbeavoided.Editorsshouldlisten,respond,andcooperatetobuildabetterarticle.Editorswhorefusetoallowanyconsensusexcepttheonetheyinsiston,andwhofilibusterindefinitelytoattainthatgoal,riskdamagingtheconsensusprocess. ShortcutWP:FORUMSHOP Forumshopping,adminshopping,andspin-doctoring.Raisingessentiallythesameissueonmultiplenoticeboardsandtalkpages,ortomultipleadministratorsorreviewers,oranyoneoftheserepetitively,isunhelpfultofindingandachievingconsensus.Itdoesnothelpdevelopconsensustotrydifferentforumsinthehopeoffindingonewhereyougettheansweryouwant.(Thisisalsoknownas"askingtheotherparent".)Queriesplacedonnoticeboardsandtalkpagesshouldbephrasedasneutrallyaspossible,inordertogetuninvolvedandneutraladditionalopinions.Wheremultipleissuesdoexist,thentheraisingoftheindividualissuesonthecorrectpagesmaybereasonable,butinthatcaseitisnormallybesttogivelinkstoshowwhereelseyouhaveraisedthequestion. Determiningconsensus ShortcutWP:DETCON Seealso:Wikipedia:Closingdiscussions Consensusisascertainedbythequalityoftheargumentsgivenonthevarioussidesofanissue,asviewedthroughthelensofWikipediapolicy. Levelsofconsensus ShortcutWP:CONLEVEL Seealso:TheArbitrationCommittee'sstatementofprinciplesonlevelsofconsensus Consensusamongalimitedgroupofeditors,atoneplaceandtime,cannotoverridecommunityconsensusonawiderscale.Forinstance,unlesstheycanconvincethebroadercommunitythatsuchactionisright,participantsinaWikiProjectcannotdecidethatsomegenerallyacceptedpolicyorguidelinedoesnotapplytoarticleswithinitsscope.WikiProjectadvicepages,how-toandinformationpages,andtemplatedocumentationpageshavenotformallybeenapprovedbythecommunitythroughthepolicyandguidelineproposalprocess,thushavenomorestatusthananessay. Wikipediahasastandardofparticipationandconsensusforchangestopoliciesandguidelines.Theirstabilityandconsistencyareimportanttothecommunity.Accordingly,editorsoftenproposesubstantivechangesonthetalkpagefirsttopermitdiscussionbeforeimplementingthechange.Boldchangesarerarelywelcomeonpolicypages.Improvementstopolicyarebestmadeslowlyandconservatively,withactiveeffortstoseekoutinputandagreementfromothers. Noconsensus ShortcutsWP:NOCONWP:NOCONSENSUS Discussionssometimesresultinnoconsensustotakeornottakeanaction.Whathappensnextdependsonthecontext: Indiscussionsofproposalstodeletearticles,media,orotherpages,alackofconsensusnormallyresultsinthecontentbeingkept. However,inRedirectsfordiscussion,noconsensusclosesmaystillleadtoaredirectbeingretargeted. Indiscussionsofproposalstoadd,modify,orremovematerialinarticles,alackofconsensuscommonlyresultsinretainingtheversionofthearticleasitwaspriortotheproposalorboldedit.However: Indiscussionsrelatedtolivingpeople,alackofconsensusoftenresultsintheremovalofthecontentiousmatter,regardlessofwhethertheproposalwastoadd,modify,orremoveit. Indisputesoverexternallinks,disputedlinksareremovedunlessanduntilthereisaconsensustoincludethem. Inarticletitlediscussions,intheeventofalackofconsensustheapplicablepolicypreservesthemostrecentpriorstabletitle.Ifthereisnopriorstabletitle,thenthedefaultisthetitleusedbythefirstmajorcontributorafterthearticleceasedtobeastub. Consensuscanchange ShortcutWP:CCC Editorsmayproposeachangetocurrentconsensus,especiallytoraisepreviouslyunconsideredargumentsorcircumstances.Ontheotherhand,proposingtochangearecentlyestablishedconsensuscanbedisruptive. Editorsmayproposeaconsensuschangebydiscussionorediting.Thatsaid,inmostcases,aneditorwhoknowsaproposedchangewillmodifyamatterresolvedbypastdiscussionshouldproposethatchangebydiscussion.Editorswhorevertachangeproposedbyaneditshouldgenerallyavoidterseexplanations(suchas"againstconsensus")whichprovidelittleguidancetotheproposingeditor(or,ifyoudousesuchterseexplanations,itishelpfultoalsoincludealinktothediscussionwheretheconsensuswasformed). Decisionsnotsubjecttoconsensusofeditors CertainpoliciesanddecisionsmadebytheWikimediaFoundation(WMF),itsofficers,andtheArbitrationCommitteeofWikipediaareoutsidethepurviewofeditorconsensus.Thisdoesnotconstituteanexhaustivelistasmuchasareminderthatthedecisionstakenunderthisprojectapplyonlytotheworkingsoftheself-governingcommunityofEnglishWikipedia. ShortcutWP:CONEXCEPT TheWMFhaslegalcontrolover,andliabilityfor,Wikipedia.Decisions,rulings,andactsoftheWMFBoardanditsdulyappointeddesigneestakeprecedenceover,andpreempt,consensus.Aconsensusamongeditorsthatanysuchdecision,ruling,oractviolatesWikimediaFoundationpoliciesmaybecommunicatedtotheWMFinwriting. Officeactionsarenotpermittedtobereversedbyeditorsexceptbypriorexplicitofficepermission. TheEnglishWikipediaArbitrationCommitteemayissuebindingdecisions,withinitsscopeandresponsibilities,thatoverrideconsensus.Thecommitteehasanoticeboard,Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Amendment,forrequeststhatsuchdecisionsbeamended,andmayamendsuchdecisionsatanytime. SomemattersthatmayseemsubjecttotheconsensusofthecommunityattheEnglish-languageWikipedia(en.wikipedia.org)areinaseparatedomain.Inparticular,thecommunityofMediaWikisoftwaredevelopers,includingbothpaidWikimediaFoundationstaffandvolunteers,andthesisterwikis,arelargelyseparateentities.Theseindependent,co-equalcommunitiesoperatehowevertheydeemnecessaryorappropriate,suchasadding,removing,orchangingsoftwarefeatures(seemeta:Limitstoconfigurationchanges),oracceptingorrejectingsomecontributions,eveniftheiractionsarenotendorsedbyeditorshere. Seealso ThispageisreferencedintheWikipediaGlossary. Foralistingofongoingdiscussionsandcurrentrequests,seethedashboard. InformationpagesandWikipediaessaysconcerningconsensus: Wikipedia:Essaydirectory#Discussionsandconsensus Wikipedia:Consensusdosanddon'ts Wikipedia:Closingdiscussions Wikipedia:HowtocontributetoWikipediaguidance Wikipedia:Silencedoesnotimplyconsentwhendraftingnewpolicies Articlesconcerningconsensus: Consensusdecision-making False-consensuseffect Truthbyconsensus vteWikipediaprinciples    FivepillarsStatementofourprinciples Jimbo'sstatementHistoricprinciples SimplifiedrulesetSynopsisofourconventions WikimediaprinciplesCommontoallprojects(inMeta-Wiki) PrinciplesOtheressaysonWikipedia'sprinciples vteWikipediakeypoliciesandguidelines (?) Fivepillars Ignoreallrules Content (?)P Verifiability Nooriginalresearch Neutralpointofview WhatWikipediaisnot Biographiesoflivingpersons Copyright(Copyrightviolations) Imageuse Articletitles G Notability Autobiography Citingsources Reliablesources Reliablesources(medicine) Donotincludecopiesoflengthyprimarysources Plagiarism Don'tcreatehoaxes Fringetheories Patentnonsense Externallinks Conduct (?)P Civility Consensus Harassment Vandalism Ignoreallrules Nopersonalattacks Ownershipofcontent Editwarring Disputeresolution Sockpuppetry Nolegalthreats Childprotection Paid-contributiondisclosure G Assumegoodfaith Conflictofinterest Disruptiveediting DonotdisruptWikipediatoillustrateapoint Etiquette Gamingthesystem Pleasedonotbitethenewcomers Courtesyvanishing Respondingtothreatsofharm Talkpageguidelines Signatures Deletion (?)P Deletionpolicy Proposeddeletion Biographies Criteriaforspeedydeletion Attackpage Oversight Revisiondeletion Enforcement (?)P Administrators Banning Blocking Pageprotection Editing (?)P Editingpolicy G Articlesize Bebold Disambiguation Hatnotes Broad-conceptarticle Understandability Style ManualofStyle Contents Accessibility Datesandnumbers Images Layout Leadsection Linking Lists Classification Categories,lists,andnavigationtemplates Categorization Templatenamespace Projectcontent (?)G Projectnamespace WikiProjects Userpages Userboxes Shortcuts Subpages WMF (?)P TermsofUse Listofpolicies Friendlyspacepolicy Licensingandcopyright Privacypolicy Listofallpoliciesandguidelines P:Listofpolicies G:Listofguidelines Summariesofvaluesandprinciples vteWikipediaaccountsandgovernanceUnregistered(IP)users Whycreateanaccount? 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