Network processor - Wikipedia

A network processor is an integrated circuit which has a feature set specifically targeted at the networking application domain. Network processors are ... Networkprocessor FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch IntelFWIXP422BB Anetworkprocessorisanintegratedcircuitwhichhasafeaturesetspecificallytargetedatthenetworkingapplicationdomain. Networkprocessorsaretypicallysoftwareprogrammabledevicesandwouldhavegenericcharacteristicssimilartogeneralpurposecentralprocessingunitsthatarecommonlyusedinmanydifferenttypesofequipmentandproducts. Contents 1Historyofdevelopment 2Genericfunctions 3Architecturalparadigms 4Applications 5Seealso 6References Historyofdevelopment[edit] Inmoderntelecommunicationsnetworks,information(voice,video,data)istransferredaspacketdata(termedpacketswitching)whichisincontrasttooldertelecommunicationsnetworksthatcarriedinformationasanalogsignalssuchasinthepublicswitchedtelephonenetwork(PSTN)oranalogTV/Radionetworks.Theprocessingofthesepacketshasresultedinthecreationofintegratedcircuits(IC)thatareoptimisedtodealwiththisformofpacketdata.Networkprocessorshavespecificfeaturesorarchitecturesthatareprovidedtoenhanceandoptimisepacketprocessingwithinthesenetworks. NetworkprocessorshaveevolvedintoICswithspecificfunctions.ThisevolutionhasresultedinmorecomplexandmoreflexibleICsbeingcreated.ThenewercircuitsareprogrammableandthusallowasinglehardwareICdesigntoundertakeanumberofdifferentfunctions,wheretheappropriatesoftwareisinstalled. Networkprocessorsareusedinthemanufactureofmanydifferenttypesofnetworkequipmentsuchas: Routers,softwareroutersandswitches(Inter-networkprocessors) Firewalls Sessionbordercontrollers Intrusiondetectiondevices Intrusionpreventiondevices Networkmonitoringsystems Networksecurity(securecryptoprocessors) Genericfunctions[edit] Inthegenericroleasapacketprocessor,anumberofoptimisedfeaturesorfunctionsaretypicallypresentinanetworkprocessor,whichinclude: Patternmatching–theabilitytofindspecificpatternsofbitsorbyteswithinpacketsinapacketstream. Keylookup–theabilitytoquicklyundertakeadatabaselookupusingakey(typicallyanaddressinapacket)tofindaresult,typicallyroutinginformation. Computation Databitfieldmanipulation–theabilitytochangecertaindatafieldscontainedinthepacketasitisbeingprocessed. Queuemanagement–aspacketsarereceived,processedandscheduledtobesentonwards,theyarestoredinqueues. Controlprocessing–themicrooperationsofprocessingapacketarecontrolledatamacrolevelwhichinvolvescommunicationandorchestrationwithothernodesinasystem. Quickallocationandre-circulationofpacketbuffers. Architecturalparadigms[edit] Inordertodealwithhighdata-rates,severalarchitecturalparadigmsarecommonlyused: Pipelineofprocessors-eachstageofthepipelineconsistingofaprocessorperformingoneofthefunctionslistedabove. Parallelprocessingwithmultipleprocessors,oftenincludingmultithreading. Specializedmicrocodedenginestomoreefficientlyaccomplishthetasksathand. Withtheadventofmulticorearchitectures,networkprocessorscanbeusedforhigherlayer(L4-L7)processing. Additionally,trafficmanagement,whichisacriticalelementinL2-L3networkprocessingandusedtobeexecutedbyavarietyofco-processors,hasbecomeanintegralpartofthenetworkprocessorarchitecture,andasubstantialpartofitssiliconarea("realestate")isdevotedtotheintegratedtrafficmanager.[1]Modernnetworkprocessorsarealsoequippedwithlow-latencyhigh-throughputon-chipinterconnectionnetworksoptimizedfortheexchangeofsmallmessagesamongcores(fewdatawords).Suchnetworkscanbeusedasanalternativefacilityfortheefficientinter-corecommunicationasideofthestandarduseofsharedmemory.[2] Applications[edit] Usingthegenericfunctionofthenetworkprocessor,asoftwareprogramimplementsanapplicationthatthenetworkprocessorexecutes,resultinginthepieceofphysicalequipmentperformingataskorprovidingaservice.Someoftheapplicationstypestypicallyimplementedassoftwarerunningonnetworkprocessorsare:[3] Packetorframediscriminationandforwarding,thatis,thebasicoperationofarouterorswitch. Qualityofservice(QoS)enforcement–identifyingdifferenttypesorclassesofpacketsandprovidingpreferentialtreatmentforsometypesorclassesofpacketattheexpenseofothertypesorclassesofpacket. AccessControlfunctions–determiningwhetheraspecificpacketorstreamofpacketsshouldbeallowedtotraversethepieceofnetworkequipment. Encryptionofdatastreams–builtinhardware-basedencryptionenginesallowindividualdataflowstobeencryptedbytheprocessor. TCPoffloadprocessing Seealso[edit] Contentprocessor Multi-coreprocessor Knowledge-basedprocessor Activenetworking Computerengineering Internet Listofdefunctnetworkprocessorcompanies NetworkProcessingForum Queueingtheory Networkonachip References[edit] ^Giladi,Ran(2008).NetworkProcessors:Architecture,Programming,andImplementation.SystemsonSilicon.MorganKaufmann.ISBN 978-0-12-370891-5. ^Buono,Daniele;Mencagli,Gabriele(21–25July2014).Run-timemechanismsforfine-grainedparallelismonnetworkprocessors:TheTILEPro64experience(PDF).2014InternationalConferenceonHighPerformanceComputingSimulation(HPCS2014).Bologna,Italy.pp. 55–64.doi:10.1109/HPCSim.2014.6903669.ISBN 978-1-4799-5313-4.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon27March2019.AltURL ^Comer,DouglasE.(2005).NetworkSystemsDesignUsingNetworkProcessors:Intel2XXXVersion.Addison-Wesley.ISBN 978-0-13-187286-8. vteProcessortechnologiesModels Abstractmachine Stored-programcomputer Finite-statemachine withdatapath Hierarchical Deterministicfiniteautomaton Queueautomaton Cellularautomaton Quantumcellularautomaton Turingmachine AlternatingTuringmachine Universal Post–Turing Quantum NondeterministicTuringmachine ProbabilisticTuringmachine Hypercomputation Zenomachine Beltmachine Stackmachine Registermachines Counter Pointer Random-access Random-accessstoredprogram Architecture Microarchitecture VonNeumann Harvard modified Dataflow Transport-triggered Cellular Endianness Memoryaccess NUMA HUMA Load–store Register/memory Cachehierarchy Memoryhierarchy Virtualmemory Secondarystorage Heterogeneous Fabric Multiprocessing Cognitive Neuromorphic InstructionsetarchitecturesTypes Orthogonalinstructionset CISC RISC Application-specific EDGE TRIPS VLIW EPIC MISC OISC NISC ZISC VISCarchitecture Quantumcomputing Comparison Addressingmodes Instructionsets Motorola68000series VAX PDP-11 x86 ARM StanfordMIPS MIPS MIPS-X Power POWER PowerPC PowerISA Clipperarchitecture SPARC SuperH DECAlpha ETRAXCRIS M32R Unicore Itanium OpenRISC RISC-V MicroBlaze LMC System/3x0 S/360 S/370 S/390 z/Architecture TileraISA VISCarchitecture Epiphanyarchitecture Others ExecutionInstructionpipelining Pipelinestall Operandforwarding ClassicRISCpipeline Hazards Datadependency Structural Control Falsesharing Out-of-order Scoreboarding Tomasuloalgorithm Reservationstation Re-orderbuffer Registerrenaming Wide-issue Speculative Branchprediction Memorydependenceprediction ParallelismLevel Bit Bit-serial Word Instruction Pipelining Scalar Superscalar Task Thread Process Data Vector Memory Distributed Multithreading Temporal Simultaneous Hyperthreading Speculative Preemptive Cooperative Flynn'staxonomy SISD SIMD Arrayprocessing(SIMT) Pipelinedprocessing Associativeprocessing SWAR MISD MIMD SPMD Processorperformance Transistorcount Instructionspercycle(IPC) Cyclesperinstruction(CPI) Instructionspersecond(IPS) Floating-pointoperationspersecond(FLOPS) Transactionspersecond(TPS) Synapticupdatespersecond(SUPS) Performanceperwatt(PPW) Cacheperformancemetrics Computerperformancebyordersofmagnitude Types Centralprocessingunit(CPU) Graphicsprocessingunit(GPU) GPGPU Vector Barrel Stream Tileprocessor Coprocessor PAL ASIC FPGA FPOA CPLD Multi-chipmodule(MCM) Systeminapackage(SiP) Packageonapackage(PoP) Byapplication Embeddedsystem Microprocessor Microcontroller Mobile Notebook Ultra-low-voltage ASIP Softmicroprocessor Systemsonchip Systemonachip(SoC) Multiprocessor(MPSoC) Programmable(PSoC) Networkonachip(NoC) Hardwareaccelerators Coprocessor AIaccelerator Graphicsprocessingunit(GPU) Imageprocessor Visionprocessingunit(VPU) Physicsprocessingunit(PPU) Digitalsignalprocessor(DSP) TensorProcessingUnit(TPU) Securecryptoprocessor Networkprocessor Basebandprocessor Wordsize 1-bit 4-bit 8-bit 12-bit 15-bit 16-bit 24-bit 32-bit 48-bit 64-bit 128-bit 256-bit 512-bit bitslicing others variable Corecount Single-core Multi-core Manycore Heterogeneousarchitecture Components Core Cache CPUcache Scratchpadmemory Datacache Instructioncache replacementpolicies coherence Bus Clockrate Clocksignal FIFO Functionalunits Arithmeticlogicunit(ALU) Addressgenerationunit(AGU) Floating-pointunit(FPU) Memorymanagementunit(MMU) Load–storeunit Translationlookasidebuffer(TLB) Branchpredictor Branchtargetpredictor Integratedmemorycontroller(IMC) Memorymanagementunit Instructiondecoder Logic Combinational Sequential Glue Logicgate Quantum Array Registers Processorregister Statusregister Stackregister Registerfile Memorybuffer Memoryaddressregister Programcounter Controlunit Hardwiredcontrolunit Instructionunit Databuffer Writebuffer MicrocodeROM Horizontalmicrocode Counter Datapath Multiplexer Demultiplexer Adder Multiplier CPU Binarydecoder Addressdecoder Sum-addresseddecoder Barrelshifter Circuitry Integratedcircuit 3D Mixed-signal Powermanagement Boolean Digital Analog Quantum Switch Powermanagement PMU APM ACPI Dynamicfrequencyscaling Dynamicvoltagescaling Clockgating Performanceperwatt(PPW) Related Historyofgeneral-purposeCPUs Microprocessorchronology Processordesign Digitalelectronics Hardwaresecuritymodule Semiconductordevicefabrication Tick–tockmodel Pingridarray Chipcarrier vteHardwareaccelerationTheory UniversalTuringmachine Parallelcomputing Distributedcomputing Applications GPU GPGPU DirectX Audio Digitalsignalprocessing Hardwarerandomnumbergeneration Artificialintelligence Cryptography TLS Machinevision Customhardwareattack scrypt Networking Data Implementations High-levelsynthesis CtoHDL FPGA ASIC CPLD Systemonachip Networkonachip Architectures Dataflow Transporttriggered Multicore Manycore Heterogeneous In-memorycomputing Systolicarray Neuromorphic Related Programmablelogic Processor design chronology Digitalelectronics Virtualization Hardwareemulation Logicsynthesis Embeddedsystems Authoritycontrol:Nationallibraries Germany UnitedStates Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Network_processor&oldid=1061965016" Categories:EmbeddedmicroprocessorsNetworkonachipNetworkinghardwareHardwareaccelerationApplication-specificintegratedcircuitsSystemonachipHiddencategories:ArticleswithGNDidentifiersArticleswithLCCNidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages DeutschفارسیFrançaisItaliano日本語РусскийУкраїнська中文 Editlinks